Figure 4.
Effects of GCWB1176 on phagocytic activity, NO production in macrophages. Cells were treated with various concentrations of GCWB1176 (1.65 × 104–1.65 × 106 cfu/mL) for 24 h. (A) The cell viability was determined by MTT assays. (B) Cell cytotoxicity was determined based on LDH release assays. Cells were treated with various concentrations of GCWB1176 (1.65 × 105–1.65 × 106 cfu/mL) for 24 h. After FITC-labeled E. coli were added, the cells were incubated for 2 h. The cell culture media containing unphagocytosed FITC-labeled E. coli were removed, and fluorescence was measured with a fluorescence microplate reader (C). A fluorescence microscope image of RAW264.7 cells was stained with FITC-labeled E. coli for 2 h (D). Mouse splenocytes and RAW264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of GCWB1176 (1.65 × 104–1.65 × 105 cfu/mL) for 24 h. Supernatants were harvested 48 h later and assayed for NO (E). All data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. # p < 0.001 vs. control group.