| CA−-MSC | tumor-inhibitory MSC |
| CA+-MSC | tumor-supporting MSC |
| CAFs | carcinoma-associated fibroblasts |
| CPCs | cancer progenitor cells |
| CSCs | cancer stem-like cells |
| (C)SCN | (cancer) stem cell niche |
| DKK-1 | dickkopf-1 |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| EMT | epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| GJIC | gap junctional intercellular communication |
| IDO | indole 2,3-dioxygenase |
| MHC | major histocompatibility complex |
| MSC | mesenchymal stroma-/stem-like cells |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| PD-1 | programmed cell death protein 1 |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
| TAMs | tumor-associated macrophages |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-β |
| TME | tumor microenvironment |
| TNFα | tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| Tregs | regulatory T cells |
| VEGF-α | vascular endothelial growth factor-α |
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