Figure 3.

MOMP-induced signaling activation in tumor cells. MOMP-dependent release of factors to cytosol engages various signaling pathways. 1. Cyto-c release leads to apoptotic caspase activation and subsequent apoptosis onset. 2. MOMP-induced mtDNA release activates the cGAS-STING pathway resulting in a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype when apoptotic caspases are inhibited 3. Release of SMAC like molecules during MOMP promotes NF-κB activation. MOMP-induced TNFα can promote necroptosis in a context of caspase inhibition. 4. Caspase-mediated opening of pannexin-1 channels at the plasma membrane facilitate the release of a select subset of metabolites. 5. Pyroptosis-induced gasdermin D (GSDME) cleavage triggers mitochondrial metabolic dysfunctions and subsequent ROS accumulation that in turn promotes MOMP-dependent apoptosis.