Figure 1.

Bioaccessible phytochemicals were increased when associated with lipids. DPPH (a), FRAP (b), and total phenolic content (c) of carrot control and different carrot-oil mixtures from gastric, small intestinal and colonic fractions. Abbreviations: B (black carrot only), BS (black carrot and sunflower oil mixture), BT (black carrot and tallow mixture), and BC (black carrot and coconut oil mixture). * Significant differences at p < 0.05 compared to control (B) were highlighted. No significant differences were shown among different types of oil treatments. Results of DPPH and FRAP were expressed as mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) per g of carrot on dry weight basis, and results of TPC were expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of carrot on dry weight basis.