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. 2020 Aug 17;25(16):3744. doi: 10.3390/molecules25163744

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proposed biosynthesis mechanism for tryptanthrin by P. aeruginosa UWI-1. Indole is proposed to originate from tryptophan degradation via an unclassified carbon–carbon lyase. Indole is oxygenated either into 3-oxyindole by indole monooxygenases (IM) and then further oxygenated by inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPD) into isatin. In another route, indole may be converted directly to isatin via naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase (NDO). Anthranilic acid is obtained through conversion of chorismic acid by the action of anthranilate synthase (AS). Both isatin and anthranilic acid fuse to form tryptanthrin. The location of each gene involved in the biosynthesis is given in parentheses and is based on the genome of P. aeruginosa UWI- 1 available from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) project number PRJEB32405 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB32405).