Table 3.

Improving GSs/ GSHPs and bioactivity in plant.

Treatment/factor	Plant	GSs	Biological Activity	Reference
Sodium chloride	Radish sprouts Broccoli sprouts	Total GSs, Glucoraphasatin Sulforaphane	Antioxidant activity -	[161,162]
Salinity and carbon dioxide	B oleracea	Indolic GSs, aliphatic GSs respectively	-	[163]
Sulphur salt supplementation	B. oleracea Var. capitata, R. sativus	Total GSs, progoitrin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, glucohirsutin and 4- methoxybrassicin	Antioxidant, anti- proliferative	[68]
MeJA	B. napus, B.oleracea	gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoraphanin	Quinone reductase	[164]
	Broccoli florets	glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin	Quinone reductase	[169]
	B. rapa ssp. Chinensis B. rapa L. B. napus var. pabularia B. oleracea	1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl GSs Indole GSs Total GSs, sulforaphane glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin	Mutagenecity - - -	[57,166,171,170]
MeJA, high temperature, water stress	Broccoli cultivars	Total GSs	Quinone reductase	[168]
GA3 with glucose	B. oleracea	Indolic GSs	Antioxidant	[70]
JA	B. oleracea var. italica	Glucoraphanin	Not evaluated	[165]
Selenium	Broccoli sprouts R. sativus	Sulforaphane Glucoraphanin	Not evaluated	[34] [173]
Nitrogen nutrition (Ammonium)	A. thaliana and B. oleraceaVar. italica	GSs	Not evaluated	[174]
Ozone	Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba	Sinigrin	Antioxidant	[180]
6-benzylaminopurine	B. oleracea	Total GSs and sulforaphane	Antioxidant	[175,176]
Green LED light	B. oleracea	Total GSs		[177]
Larval infestation Delia radicum root herbivory D. radicum and Delia floralis	B. napus var. pabularia B. rapa L. B. rapa varieties	Indole GSs Benzyl and indole GSs in roots Aliphatic, indole and benzyl GSs in roots of high GSs varieties		[166,178,179]
BoTGG1 Gene	A. thaliana	GSs	Bacterial pathogens attack	[172]