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. 2020 Aug 18;9(8):765. doi: 10.3390/antiox9080765

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© 2020 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Beneficial effects of TXNIP inhibition for glucose homeostasis. Known effects of TXNIP down-regulation in glucose homeostasis are shown. TXNIP is known to be up-regulated in many tissues of a variety of pathogenic conditions, including T1D and T2D. Broadly, TXNIP down-regulation enhances TRX reducing activity and protects from oxidative stress. TXNIP down-regulation also enhances insulin sensitivity and suppresses inflammation. Tissue specific TXNIP down-regulation may provide safer treatment for T1D and T2D (yellow), and since TXNIP has anti-oncogenic functions in several tissues, chronic whole-body TXNIP inhibition may cause serious issues for cancer development (pink).