Table 3.

Performance comparison of different coupled photoelectrocatalytic/enzymatic CO₂ reduction systems.

Photoanode	Photocathode	Efficiency a	Ref.
Co-Pi/Fe2O3	ITO/FDH	HCOOH, 6.4 μM h−1	[131]
CoPi/BiVO4	EC-PDA	HCOOH, FE: 99.18%	[112]
Co-Pi/αoFe2O3	BiFeO3-CcFDH/PcFaldDH/YADH	CH3OH, 220 μM h−1	[137]
FTO/IO-TiO2/dPP/POs-PSII	FTO/IO-TiO2/FDH	HCOOH, 0.185 μM cm–2	[140]
FTO/FeOOH/BiVO4	FTO/3D TiN-ClFDH	HCOOH, 0.78 μM h−1, FE: 77.3%	[113]
TK/TiO2	FDH-CH3V(CH2)9COOH	HCOOH, 30.0 nM after 3 h	[141]
Plain graphite rod	Pt-FDH	HCOOH, 15.49 μM mg Enzyme−1 min−1	[142]

^a The efficiency includes the product and rates.