Table 2.
Multinomial logistic regression results predicting group membership based on baseline characteristics in the LIFE Study.
| Characteristics | Group Membership Comparisons | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Late Decline (Group 2) vs. No Decline (Group 1) 1 | Early Decline (Group 3) vs. No Decline (Group 1) 2 | Early Decline vs. Late Decline 3 | |
| Physical activity intervention | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) |
| Age | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) * | 1.07 (1.03–1.10) * | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) |
| Female sex | 0.66 (0.44–0.98) * | 0.39 (0.26–0.59) * | 2.13 (1.13–4.02) * |
| Race | |||
| White | 0.65 (0.31–1.35) | 0.9 (0.42–1.9) | 1.20 (0.62–2.32) |
| Black | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Other | 1.29 (0.87–1.93) | 1.63 (1.06–2.51) * | 1.55 (0.51–4.71) |
| Education, ≥high school | 1.34 (0.99–1.81) | 1.29 (0.94–1.77) | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) |
| BMI | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) |
| MATS score | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) * | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) * | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.4 (0.49–3.97) | 1.22 (0.41–3.6) | 2.50 (0.57–11.0) |
| Grip Strength | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) * | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| PAT-D | 1.1 (0.7–1.71) | 1.53 (0.98–2.4) | 0.87 (0.45–1.69) |
| 3MSE | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.95 (0.92–0.97) * | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) |
| PSQI | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) |
| CHAMPS Score | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| SPPB ≤ 7 | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) * | 1.32 (1.19–1.46) * | 1.08 (0.66–1.76) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Former | 1.06 (0.8–1.4) | 1.16 (0.86–1.56) | 0.85 (0.55–1.32) |
| Current | 0.44 (0.17–1.14) | 1.1 (0.51–2.41) | 3.19 (1.14–8.96) * |
| CVD | 1.1 (0.79–1.55) | 1.16 (0.82–1.64) | 0.92 (0.55–1.52) |
| Diabetes | 0.99 (0.71–1.39) | 1.22 (0.87–1.72) | 0.86 (0.53–1.39) |
| Heart attack | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) | 0.71 (0.41–1.24) | 1.93 (0.92–4.08) |
| Heart failure | 1.19 (0.63–2.23) | 0.87 (0.44–1.72) | 0.91 (0.34–2.46) |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.11 (0.8–1.54) | 1.14 (0.81–1.61) | 0.98 (0.80–1.23) |
| Hypertension | 0.95 (0.69–1.32) | 1.05 (0.75–1.47) | 0.90 (0.80–1.05) |
| Arthritis | 0.69 (0.48–1.01) | 1.03 (0.72–1.48) | 1.12 (0.65–1.94) |
| Chronic lung disease | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 0.71 (0.48–1.05) | 1.04 (0.60–1.81) |
| Self-Rated Health (>Good) | 1.94 (1.01–3.74) * | 1.71 (0.84–3.47) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) |
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index, MATS = Mobility Assessment Tool: Short Form; PAT-D = Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability; 3MSE = Modified Mini Mental Examination; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; CHAMPS = Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors; CVD = cerebrovascular disease; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery. 1 Odds ratios measure the likelihood of being in Group 2 vs. Group 1. 2 Odds ratios measure the likelihood of being in Group 3 vs. Group 1. 3 Odds ratios measure the likelihood of being in Group 3 vs. Group 2. * Indicates statistical significance at p < 0.05.