Figure 4.

Effect of L. candidum ethanolic extracts and compounds on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) (A,C) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) (B,D) from human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPFs) (A,B) or human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) (C,D). The ethanolic extracts were diluted in medium to a final ethanol concentration of 0.1%. Cells treated only with 0.1% ethanol (the vehicle) were used as controls to exclude the effect of ethanol on the cells. Data from three independent experiments are shown (mean ± SE). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.