Table 1.
Transformation in Prunus persica L.
| Genotype | Method (Strain) | Plasmid (Genes) | Explant | T.E. a (%) | Main Advantage | Main Disadvantage | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “14DR60” |
A. tumefaciens (A281) |
pGA472 (nptII) |
Embryogenic callus, leaves, and immature embryos |
0 | All three starting explants developed calli, which were able to grow in a medium containing the selective agents. | Typically, long-term embryogenic peach cultures produce few normal shoots. |
Scorza et al. [15] |
| “Tennessee natural” | |||||||
| “PER 2D” | |||||||
| “Redhaven” |
A. tumefaciens (tms328::Tn5) |
pTiA6 (iaa, ipt) |
Shoots | 0 | Demonstration of potential for using A. tumefaciens to transfer genes to peach. | Shoots could not be regenerated from the transformed cells. | Hammerschlag et al. [16] |
| Immature embryo axes | n.s. | Demonstration of regeneration of plants from embryo-derived callus infected with the shooty mutant strain of A. tumefaciens. | Not reproduced in other laboratories. | Smigocki and Hammerschlag [5] | |||
| “Lovell” | Biolistic | pBI505, pBI426 (nptII, gus) |
Embryo calli, immature embryos, cotyledons, leaves, and shoot tips | 0 | Optimization of biolistic parameters for this species. | Unsuccessful recovery of plants from the transformed embryogenic calli. | Ye et al. [17] |
| “Miraflores” |
A. tumefaciens (C58C1/pMP90) |
pBin19-sgfp (nptII, gfp) |
Mature embryo axes | 3.6 | Mature seeds are available year-round. | Not reproduced in other laboratories. | Pérez-Clemente et al. [12] |
| “Bailey” |
A. tumefaciens (LBA4404, EHA105, GV3101, CG937, CG1052, CG1059) |
pLC101 (nptII, gfp) |
Cotyledons, embryonic axis, hypocotyl slices, callus, internodes, and leaves | 0 | Comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting A. tumefaciens-mediated peach transformation. Seed-derived internodes showed the highest transformation percentage compared to the other explants. |
Rates of GFP transformation under the experimental conditions were low. | Padilla et al. [18] |
| “Lady Nancy” | |||||||
| “Harrow Beauty” | |||||||
| “KV930465” |
A. tumefaciens (LBA4404, EHA105) |
pBin19 (nptII, gus) |
|||||
| “KV930408” | |||||||
| “KV930303” | |||||||
| “KV939455” |
A. tumefaciens (LBA4404) |
pBISNI, pGA482Ggi (nptII, gus) |
|||||
| “KV930478” | |||||||
| “KV930311” | |||||||
| “Akatsuki” | Electroporation | pBI221, pE2113-GUS, PL-GUS (gus) |
Protoplasts from immature fruits mesocarp | 0 | The system can be applied for expression analysis of genes isolated from other Rosaceae species. | The period suitable for protoplast isolation is limited to about 1 week. | Honda and Moriguchi [19] |
| “O’Henry” |
A. tumefaciens (GV3101, EHA105) |
pBIN-m-gfp5-ER (nptII, gfp) |
Immature cotyledons | 0.6 | Very efficient regeneration protocol. | Explants available for only a limited time each year (50 to 70 days post-bloom). Not reproduced in other laboratories. |
Prieto [13] |
| “Rich Lady” | |||||||
| “GF677” b |
A. tumefaciens (GV2206) |
hp-pBin19 (nptII) |
Meristematic bulks | 0.3 | The first successful report of a peach rootstock genetic transformation using adult tissue as starting material. | The efficiency of the procedure was relatively poor. | Sabbadini et al. [14] |
| “Hansen 536” b |
A. tumefaciens (EHA105) |
pK7WG2-ihp35S-PPV194::eGFP (nptII, gfp, PPV polyprotein hairpin) |
Meristematic bulks | 0 | Uses adult tissues as source of explants. | Shoot regeneration from transgenic calli was not obtained. | Sabbadini et al. [20] |
|
A. tumefaciens (EHA105, LBA4404, GV3101) |
pBISN1 (nptII, gus) |
Leaves | 0 | Adult tissue available year-round. | Only transient transformation was recorded. | Zong et al. [21] | |
| “Shantao” |
A. rhizogenes (MSU440) |
pMV2G + Ri Plasmid (DsRED1) + (rol genes) |
Leaves, hypocotyls, and shoots | 27.8 c | This protocol provides a way to evaluate gene functions, genetic engineering, and root-rhizosphere microorganism interaction in peach. | Only transgenic hairy roots were regenerated. Transgenic shoots were not produced. | Xu et al. [22] |
| “Shengli” | 50.9 c | ||||||
| “Lvhuajiuhao” | 30.7 c | ||||||
| “Shengli” | pSAK277 (PpMYB10.1) | Shoots | n.s. c |
a Transformation efficiency (number of transgenic shoots obtained per 100 explants). When not indicated, it was not specified (n.s.) by authors. b Prunus persica x Prunus amygdalus hybrids. c Efficiency of regeneration of transgenic hairy roots.