Table 5.

Targeting specific components in EPS and nucleic acid-binding proteins.

Targeting Specific Components in EPS
Name	Summary	References
Cam-003	A monoclonal antibody that can bind three distinct epitopes on Psl, and have been demonstrated to block the attachment of P. aeruginosa to cultured epithelial cells, to inhibit the adherence or formation of denser biofilms.	[122]
EbpAFull, EbpANTD	Vaccine-elicited antibodies based on EbpA which mediates serum antibody response, blocks the interaction between EbpA and host, and inhibits the formation of biofilm.	[123]
Quadrivalent vaccine	It is a vaccine that targets four biofilm upregulated immunogens: SA0037, SA0486, SA0688, and glucosaminidase. The combination of quadrivalent vaccine with vancomycin can significantly reduce S. aureus numbers.	[134]
Targeting Nucleic-Acid-Binding Proteins
Antisera	Antisera, which is derived against DNABII proteins, has been demonstrated to be effective against biofilms formed by oral bacteria, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.	[127,128,129]
TRL1068	A native human monoclonal antibody which has low-picomolar affinity to DNABII homologs from important Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and it has been demonstrated to be effective in disrupting biofilms of MRSA.	[130]
Anti-IHFEc	Hyperimmune antiserum is derived against purified E. coli integration host factor (IHF), and has been demonstrated to be effective on biofilms formed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Burkholderia cenocepacia.	[126,135,136,137]