Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the total study population (n = 4595).
| Age (Years) | 65.1 (10.8) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 2581 (56.2%) |
| Male | 2014 (43.8%) |
| Highest level of education (%) | |
| Primary | 372 (8.1%) |
| Lower/intermediate general or lower vocational | 1782 (38.8%) |
| Intermediate vocational or higher general | 1063 (23.1%) |
| Higher vocational or university | 1063 (23.1%) |
| Hypertension (%) | |
| No | 1668 (36.3%) |
| Yes | 2927 (63.7%) |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | |
| No | 2644 (57.5%) |
| Yes | 1951 (42.5%) |
| Alcohol intake (glasses/day) a | 0.9 [1.1] |
| Smoking (%) | |
| Never smoker | 1429 (31.1%) |
| Former smoker | 2293 (49.9%) |
| Current smoker | 873 (19.0%) |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/week) a | 54.3 [67.7] |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2199 (676) |
| Dietary guideline score | 6.8 (1.9) |
| Fasting serum glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 (1.2) |
| Height (cm) b | 168.6 (9.3) |
| Weight (kg) b | 76.4 (12.6) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) b | 26.8 (3.4) |
| Fat mass index (kg/m2) b | 9.3 (2.9) |
| Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) b | 17.5 (2.1) |
| Android-to-gynoid fat ratio b | 0.6 (0.2) |
| Total body fat percentage (%) b | 34.0 (7.9) |
| FRAP score (mmol/day) | 25.2 (10.3) |
Variables are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated. a Median (interquartile range). The presented statistics represent the data after ten-fold multiple imputation. b Variable is presented for the individuals who participated in the baseline DXA measurement round (n = 3770), i.e., RS-I-5, RS-II-2 or RS-III-1.