ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
AGEs	Advanced glycation endproducts
AMD	Age-related macular degeneration
Ang	Angiotensin
ApoE	Apolipoprotein E
AREDS	Age-Related Eye Disease Study
AR	Aldose reductase
AREs	Antioxidant response elements
AT1R	Angiotensin II receptor type 1
AT2R	Angiotensin II receptor type 2
A1	Arginase 1
A2	Arginase 2
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BH4	Tetrahydrobiopterin
BH2	7,8-dihydrobiopterin
BRB	Blood-retinal barrier
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
CRAO	Central retinal artery occlusion
DAG	Diacylglycerol
DMOG	Dimethyloxalylglycine
DR	Diabetic retinopath
DUOX1	Dual oxidase 1
DUOX2	Dual oxidase 2
ETC	Electron transport chain
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ERK	Extracellular signal-related kinase
FA	Fenofibric acid
FH	Familial hypercholesterolemia
GCL	Ganglion cell layer
GPR91	Succinate receptor G protein-coupled receptor-91
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
HO2•	Hydroperoxyl
HOC1	Hypochlorous acid
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IL-1α	Interleukin-1 alpha
IL-β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IVTA	Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide
I/R	Ischemia/reperfusion
iBRB	Inner blood-retinal barrier
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KO	Knockout
LDL-C	Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
L	Lutein
mtROS	mitochondria-derived ROS
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
MCP1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MD2	Myeloid differentiation protein 2
NADPH oxidase	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
NLRP3	Pyrin domain-containing 3
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NOX	NADPH oxidases
NO	Nitric oxide
NOS	nitric oxide synthase
nNOS	neuronal nitric oxide synthase
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2
NTs	Neurotrophins
O2•−	Superoxide
O3	Ozone
oBRB	Outer blood-retinal barrier
OCT	Octreotide
•OH	Hydroxyl radicals
ox-LDL	oxidized-LDL
ONOO—	Peroxynitrite
PARP	Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PCSK9	Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PDGFRβ	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta
PKC	Protein kinase C
PPAR	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
RAAS	Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
RAGE	Receptors for advanced glycation endproducts
RAS	Renin-angiotensin system
RCS	Reactive copper species
RGC	Retinal ganglion cell
RIS	Reactive iron species
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RPE	Retinal pigment epithelium
ROO•	Peroxyl
RO•	Alkoxyl
RRMS	Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
SIRT1	NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin1
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TAGE	toxic AGEs
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TLR2	toll-like receptor 2
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
Z	Zeaxanthin
1△g	Singlet oxygen