Table 2.
The associations between local amenities, green and blue spaces and dementia (based on the GMS-AGECAT algorithm or the 10/66 dementia diagnostic algorithm) in CFAS II and the 10/66 study
| CFAS II (GMS-AGECAT) | 10/66 study (GMS-AGECAT) | 10/66 study (the 10/66 algorithm) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Local amenities | |||||||
| Lifestyle | |||||||
| Café | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 1.06 (0.73, 1.53) | 1.03 (0.69, 1.54) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.26) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.13) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.15) | |
| T3 | 1.00 (0.68, 1.48) | 1.07 (0.69, 1.64) | 1.69 (1.30, 2.19) | 1.50 (1.13, 1.99) | 1.49 (1.12, 1.99) | 1.34 (0.93, 1.83) | |
| Library | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 1.03 (0.71, 1.50) | 1.01 (0.68, 1.52) | 1.32 (1.06, 1.66) | 1.25 (0.99, 1.58) | 1.23 (0.96, 1.57) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.50) | |
| T3 | 1.01 (0.69, 1.47) | 1.15 (0.76, 1.74) | 1.63 (1.23, 2.17) | 1.28 (0.95, 1.73) | 1.21 (0.89, 1.64) | 1.00 (0.73, 1.39) | |
| Movie theatre | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.47) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.48) | 1.09 (0.86, 1.37) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) | 1.22 (0.96, 1.55) | 1.18 (0.92, 1.51) | |
| T3 | 1.21 (0.81, 1.79) | 1.19 (0.77, 1.84) | 1.20 (0.93, 1.55) | 1.09 (0.84, 1.42) | 1.09 (0.82, 1.44) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.36) | |
| Park | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 0.87 (0.61, 1.24) | 0.89 (0.61, 1.32) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.08) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.09) | 0.78 (0.61, 1.00) | 0.77 (0.59, 0.99) | |
| T3 | 0.64 (0.42, 0.95) | 0.64 (0.41, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.30) | 0.88 (0.66, 1.17) | 1.14 (0.84, 1.55) | 0.99 (0.72, 1.36) | |
| Daily life | |||||||
| Post office | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 1.23 (0.84, 1.80) | 1.31 (0.86, 1.99) | 1.15 (0.87, 1.51) | 1.14 (0.84, 1.54) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.03) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.07) | |
| T3 | 1.20 (0.82, 1.76) | 1.47 (0.96, 2.24) | 1.79 (1.38, 2.31) | 1.53 (1.15, 2.04) | 1.30 (0.96, 1.75) | 1.23 (0.88, 1.72) | |
| Convenience store | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 1.00 (0.69, 1.45) | 1.03 (0.69, 1.54) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.20) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.56) | 1.18 (0.89, 1.58) | |
| T3 | 0.99 (0.67, 1.44) | 1.04 (0.69, 1.59) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.61) | 1.11 (0.82, 1.50) | 1.46 (1.05, 2.03) | 1.46 (1.03, 2.07) | |
| Healthcare | |||||||
| Doctor/hospital | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 1.02 (0.71, 1.46) | 0.96 (0.64, 1.42) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 1.14 (0.89, 1.47) | 1.08 (0.83, 1.40) | |
| T3 | 0.81 (0.55, 1.19) | 0.92 (0.60, 1.39) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) | 1.06 (0.78, 1.46) | 1.32 (0.94, 1.85) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.87) | |
| Pharmacy | T1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T2 | 1.09 (0.76, 1.54) | 1.12 (0.76, 1.65) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.22) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.24) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.49) | 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) | |
| T3 | 0.69 (0.46, 1.04) | 0.76 (0.49, 1.19) | 1.07 (0.84, 1.35) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.29) | 1.32 (1.02, 1.71) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.64) | |
| Green/blue spaces | |||||||
| 400 m | |||||||
| Recreational green | L | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| M | 1.00 (0.67, 1.48) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.39) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.83, 1.38) | 0.76 (0.57, 1.00) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.18) | |
| H | 1.36 (0.93, 1.99) | 1.24 (0.84, 1.84) | 0.66 (0.49, 0.88) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.20) | 0.65 (0.48, 0.87) | 0.82 (0.60, 1.15) | |
| Nature | L | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| M | 0.99 (0.68, 1.44) | 1.04 (0.70, 1.53) | 0.98 (0.74, 1.30) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.28) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.41) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.41) | |
| H | 0.92 (0.64, 1.33) | 0.99 (0.68, 1.46) | |||||
| Blue space | None | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Any | 1.02 (0.68, 1.52) | 1.07 (0.70, 1.62) | 1.07 (0.72, 1.61) | 1.09 (0.73, 1.64) | 0.86 (0.55, 1.33) | 0.86 (0.55, 1.36) | |
| 800 m | |||||||
| Recreational green | L | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| M | 1.30 (0.86, 1.95) | 1.21 (0.79, 1.85) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.62) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.42) | |
| H | 1.34 (0.84, 2.12) | 1.24 (0.77, 2.00) | 0.69 (0.49, 0.95) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) | 0.80 (0.57, 1.11) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.31) | |
| Nature | L | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| M | 1.01 (0.70, 1.45) | 1.03 (0.70, 1.50) | 0.99 (0.74, 1.33) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.22) | 1.09 (0.76, 1.58) | 0.99 (0.67, 1.45) | |
| H | 0.86 (0.59, 1.27) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.37) | |||||
| Blue space | None | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Any | 1.04 (0.76, 1.41) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.45) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.46) | 1.12 (0.85, 1.49) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.44) | 1.12 (0.81, 1.53) | |
All models adjusted for centre (CFAS II) or site (10/66); Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, education, social class/assets and self-rated health; T1, T2, T3: first, second and third tertile of distance to the nearest local amenities; H, M, L: high, middle and low percentages of green and blue spaces within 400 m or 800 m by tertiles