|
b
|
Change rate of σ0
|
|
|
Deviatoric part of the isochoric left Cauchy-Green tensor (MPa) |
|
c
p
|
Specific heat (kJ/kg·K) |
|
|
Rubbery modulus (MPa) |
|
D
|
Punch diameter (mm) |
|
e
|
Approximation error |
|
f
i
|
Predictions |
|
F
z
|
Vertical force (N) |
|
F
xy
|
In-plane force (N) |
|
|
Softening slope (MPa) |
|
k
t
|
Thermal conductance (W/m·K) |
|
|
Langevin function |
|
n
|
Chain density (polymer chains per unit volume) |
|
|
Limiting chain extensibility |
|
p
|
Pressure (MPa) |
|
Q
∞
|
Maximum σ0 (MPa) |
|
|
Athermal shear strength (MPa) |
|
T
|
Temperature (°C) |
|
y
i
|
Experimental measurements |
|
z
|
Incremental depth (mm) |
| Greek symbols |
| α |
Cone wall angle (°) |
|
|
Pressure coefficient |
|
|
Shear strain rate in the viscoplastic dashpot (1/s) |
|
|
Pre-exponential factor proportional to the attempt frequency (1/s) |
|
|
Activation energy (J) |
| εe
|
Total strain |
| εpl
|
Equivalent plastic strain |
| εult
|
Ultimate strain |
| E |
Young’s modulus (MPa) |
| Ej
|
Temperature rate dependent Young’s modulus (MPa) |
|
k
|
Boltzmann’s constant (J/K) |
|
|
Stretch on a chain in the eight-chain networks (MPa) |
| μ |
Mean absolute experimental value |
|
|
Shear modulus (MPa) |
|
|
Poisson´s ratio |
|
|
Total stress in the polymer (MPa) |
|
|
Stress response in the non-linear Langevin spring (MPa) |
|
|
Stress in the linear elastic spring (MPa) |
| σ0
|
Size change of the yield surface (MPa) |
| σ0
|
Yield stress at zero plastic strain (MPa) |
| σult
|
Ultimate strength (MPa) |
| σy
|
Yield stress (MPa) |
|
|
Shear stress (MPa) |
| ψ |
Thermal contact conductance (W/m2·K) |