| AKT | Protein kinase B (PKB) |
| Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| BAX | BCL2-associated X protein |
| CHK1 | Checkpoint kinase 1 |
| CHK2 | Checkpoint kinase 2 |
| CDK6 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 |
| CGs | Cardiac glycosides |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| eIF4E | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E |
| ERK | Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase |
| GSK-3α | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| JNK | Jun N-terminal kinase |
| LC3 | Light chain 3 |
| LRP1 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) |
| mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| NFκB | Nuclear factor Κb |
| p38 MAPK | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| SAPK | Stress-activated protein kinases |
| STAT3 | Signal Transducer Moreover, activator of transcription 3 |
| WHO | World Health Organization |