TABLE 2.

Effect of technology-based interventions on anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life

Study	Assessment Time Point	Outcomes	Study Measures	Between Group Difference*	Within Group Difference (Intervention)*	TBI Use	Retention Rate (By End of Follow-up)
Cockle-Hearne et al 2018	Baseline, and end of intervention	Anxiety Depression	General Health Questionnaire-28	N/A	Positive change in anxiety between baseline and post-intervention (A Wilcoxon signed-rank test: (z= −3.466, r= −.613, p=.001) NS	92%a	80%
Hawkins et al	Baseline, 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks	HRQoL	WHOQOL	NS	NS	78%	94%
Lange et al	Baseline and follow up	Anxiety Depression HRQoL	ET-5 and MAX-PC ET-5 SF-8	NS NS NS	N/A N/A N/A	N/A	31%
Loiselle et al	Baseline, end of intervention, and 3-month postintervention	Anxiety Depression HRQoL	STAI CESD SF-36	NS NS NS	NS NS NS	94%	93%
Osei et al	Baseline, 6 and 8 weeks	HRQoL	EPIC-26	NS	Improved HRQoL (p =.036) from baseline to 6 weeks	N/A	N/A
Ruland et al	Baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months	Depression HRQoL	Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale 15-D HRQoL	NS NS	Improved depression over study period (mixed effect model: slope estimate= −0.41, CI= −0.71 to −0.11, t= −2.71; p= .007) NS	77%	75%
Sundberg et al	Baseline (T1), end of treatment (T2), and 3-month posttreatment (T3)	HRQoL	EORTC QLQ-C30	Interaktor users reported improved HRQoL at T2 and T3(p <.05)	Improved HRQoL (p<.05) over study period (baseline to T3)	N/A	88%
Van De Wal et al	Baseline and 3 months	Anxiety Depression HRQoL	HADS EORTC QLQC30	bCBT users reported decreased anxiety (ANCOVA: CI= −4.131 to −2.763, ES “Cohen’s d”= .67, p≤.001) bCBT users reported decreased depression (ANCOVA: CI= −2.950 to −0.781, ES Cohen’s d=.56, P≤.001) bCBT users reported improved HRQoL (ANCOVA: CI= 5.441 to 19.325, ES Cohen’s d=.64, p=.001)	N/A N/A	66%a	93%
Wootten et al	Baseline, 5 weeks, 10 weeks, 3 months and 6 months	Anxiety Depression	DASS-21	NS NS	NS NS	60%	73%
Yanez et al	Baseline and 6 months	Depression HRQoL	PROMIS depression item bank CAT FACT-G	CBSM users reported improved PROMIS depression (ANCOVA: F= 5.11, ES Cohen’s d= 0.69, p=.03) NS	N/A N/A	70 %a	82%

Abbreviations: 15-D HRQoL, 15 dimensions HRQoL instrument; ANCOVA: analysis of covariance CESD, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; DASS-21, 21 items depression, anxiety, and stress scale; EPIC-26, 26 items Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite; EORTC QLQ-C30, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30; ET-5, The Emotion Thermometers; FACT-G, The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; MAX-PC, Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer; N/A: no available data; NS: no significant difference; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; SF-8, Short Form survey 8 items of health outcomes; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; TBI: technology-based intervention; WHOQOL, World health Organization Quality of Life; depression item bank CAT, Adult Depression computerized adaptive testing; T1, 2, 3= time 1, 2, 3.

^aCompleted TBI contents.

^bLogged onto TBI.

^*Statistical significance at p ≤.5.