Table 3.

Association of Decreases in Leucine/Isoleucine, Valine, and BCAA with Changes in Hepatic Fat and Abdominal Fat Distribution during 2 years (N = 184)

Outcomes	Leucine/Isoleucine		Valine		Total BCAAs
	β (SE)	P	β (SE)	P	β (SE)	P
Model 1
Hepatic density, HU	0.88 (0.39)	0.02	0.77 (0.35)	0.03	0.89 (0.37)	0.02
Abdominal fat distribution
SAT, kg	-0.25 (0.08)	0.003	-0.19 (0.08)	0.01	-0.23 (0.08)	0.004
VAT, kg	-0.24 (0.06)	<0.001	-0.12 (0.05)	0.02	-0.19 (0.05)	<0.001
TAT, kg	-0.48 (0.13)	<0.001	-0.35 (0.12)	0.003	-0.43 (0.12)	<0.001
Model 2
Hepatic density, HU	0.89 (0.39)	0.02	0.78 (0.35)	0.03	0.91 (0.37)	0.02
Abdominal fat distribution
SAT, kg	-0.18 (0.08)	0.02	-0.15 (0.07)	0.04	-0.17 (0.07)	0.02
VAT, kg	-0.24 (0.05)	<0.001	-0.12 (0.05)	0.01	-0.19 (0.05)	<0.001
TAT, kg	-0.38 (0.11)	<0.001	-0.28 (0.10)	0.005	-0.35 (0.10)	0.001
Model 3
Hepatic density, HU	0.67 (0.40)	0.09	0.63 (0.36)	0.08	0.70 (0.38)	0.07
Abdominal fat distribution
SAT, kg	-0.19 (0.08)	0.03	-0.11 (0.08)	0.14	-0.15 (0.08)	0.05
VAT, kg	-0.22 (0.06)	<0.001	-0.10 (0.05)	0.03	-0.16 (0.05)	0.003
TAT, kg	-0.37 (0.12)	0.001	-0.24 (0.11)	0.02	-0.32 (0.11)	0.005

β (SE) represents changes in the outcome traits per SD decrease in leucine/isoleucine, valine, or BCAA.

Model 1: mixed-effect model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and diet intervention group.

Model 2: model 1+ baseline body mass index, medication for controlling cholesterol.

Model 3: model 2+ weight loss at 2 years (31 missingness on 2-year weight-loss).

BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; HU, Hounsfield unit; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; TAT: total adipose tissue, VAT: visceral adipose tissue.