Figure 1.

Study design: This study involved a total of 223 urine samples. Each urine sample was paired with renal transplant biopsy for phenotype classification into either of the following diagnoses: stable/healthy (STA: n = 152) and acute rejection (AR: n = 71). The urinary biomarkers were measured on all the urine samples collected, and statistical analyses were performed on stable and acute rejection transplant patients. Samples were randomly split into training (n = 157) and validation sets (n = 66). The Q-Score model was developed using training data and then applied to the validation set.