AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ADC	adenocarcinoma
AMP	antimicrobial peptide
ANT	adenine nucleotide translocator
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
Bcl-2	namely B-cell lymphoma 2
Bcl-xL	B-cell lymphoma extra-large
Ca2+	calcium ion
Cacy/SIP	calcyclin-binding protein/Siah-1-interacting protein
CCL2	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
COP9	constitutive photomorphogenesis 9
COPS5	COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5
COX2	cyclooxygenase-2
CP	calprotectin
CRC	colorectal carcinoma
CT	computerised tomography
Cu2+	copper ion
CXCL	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
DAMPs	danger-associated molecular patterns DAMPs
ECG	electrocardiogram
ECM	extracellular matrix
EDC	epidermal differentiation complex
EGF	epidermal growth factor
EMMPRIN	extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer
EMT	epithelial-mesenchymal transition
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ERα	in estrogen receptor α
FABP	fatty acid-binding proteins
FAK	focal adhesion kinase
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
Fe2+	iron ion
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HIF-1	hypoxia-inducible factor 1
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
ICI	intracranial injuries
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
IFN-γ	interferon gamma
Jab1	c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAP3K8	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8
MCAM	melanoma cell adhesion molecule
MDR1	multidrug resistance gene 1
Mef2	myocyte enhancer factor-2
MRP1	MDR-associated protein 1
miRNA	micro RNA
MMP	metalloproteinase
Mn2+	manganese ion
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
NCX1	Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
Ndr	nuclear dbf2-related
NF-kB	nuclear factor ’kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells
NMIBC	non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
NMIIA	non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA
NOXA	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1
NSCLC	non-small cell lung cancer
OS	overall survival
OCSC	ovarian cancer stem cells
PAD3	phytoalexin deficient 3
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PMCA1b	plasma membrane Ca2+ transport ATPase
PUMA	p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RAGE	receptor for advanced glycation end products
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RSK	ribosomal S6 kinase
RyR2	ryanodine receptor 2
SCC	squamous-cell carcinoma
SCLC	small cell lung cancer
SERCA2a	sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
Shh	sonic hedgehog
SNC	Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee
STEMI	ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
TAMs	tumour-associated macrophages
TBA	traumatic brain injury
TCF	T-cell factor
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TME	tumour microenvironment
TNFα	tumour necrosis factor α
tPA	tissue plasminogen activator
TPL2	tumour progression locus 2
TRAF	TNF receptor-associated factor 2
TRAIL	tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
TRPV6	transient receptor potential vanilloid 6
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
YAP	yes-associated protein
Zn2+	zinc ion