Table 2.
Study outcomes and their association with hangover severity.
| Today | Yesterday | Two Days Ago | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hangover | No Hangover | Hangover | No Hangover | Hangover | No Hangover | |
| n (%) | 143 | 188 | 122 | 208 | 87 | 243 |
| Drinking variables | ||||||
| Alcohol consumed (units) | 12.3 (7.3) * | 4.0 (5.3) | 11.4 (7.3) * † | 3.2 (4.6) | 9.9 (7.4) * † | 1.9 (3.6) |
| Time spent drinking (h) | 6.9 (3.5) * | 3.0 (3.8) | 6.6 (4.1) * † | 4.3 (4.5) | 6.5 (4.6) * † | 3.9 (4.1) |
| Estimated BAC (%) | 0.16 (0.1) * † | 0.08 (0.1) | 0.17 (0.2) * † | 0.06 (0.1) | 0.14 (0.1) *† | 0.05 (0.1) |
| Subjective intoxication | 6.2 (2.5) * † | 1.7 (2.4) | 6.1 (2.7) * † | 1.7 (2.3) | 5.6 (3.1) * † | 1.0 (2.1) |
| Cigarettes smoked | 3.7 (6.4) * | 1.4 (3.8) | 2.8 (5.4) * | 1.2 (3.1) | 2.8 (5.3) * | 1.1 (3.0) |
| Mood during drinking | ||||||
| Angry, hostile, irritable | 0.7 (1.6) * | 0.4 (1.2) | 0.9 (2.0) * † | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.6 (1.2) * | 0.3 (1.1) |
| Depressed, sad | 0.6 (1.5) * | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.9 (2.0) * | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.7) * | 0.5 (1.7) |
| Sleep | ||||||
| Total sleep time (h) | 6.2 (2.0) † | 7.3 (2.1) | 6.5 (1.8) * † | 7.2 (1.9) | 6.6 (1.9) * † | 6.9 (2.5) |
| Sleep quality | 6.0 (2.5) * † | 6.7 (2.3) | 6.7 (2.3) † | 6.7 (2.3) | 6.4 (2.5) † | 6.2 (2.7) |
| Next-day mood | ||||||
| Hangover severity | 3.5 (2.5) * | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.7 (2.7) * | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.2 (2.3) * | 0.0 (0.0) |
| Fatigue, sleepiness | 4.7 (2.9) * † | 1.7 (2.4) | 5.1 (2.6) * † | 1.5 (2.3) | 4.5 (3.0) * † | 1.7 (2.6) |
| Stress | 1.3 (2.1) * † | 0.4 (1.3) | 1.7 (2.5) * † | 0.4 (1.2) | 1.8 (2.6) * † | 0.3 (1.0) |
| Guilt about drinking | 1.4 (2.3) * † | 0.2 (0.9) | 1.4 (2.3) * † | 0.1 (0.6) | 1.5 (2.4) * † | 0.1 (0.7) |
Significant differences (p < 0.05) between the hangover and the no hangover group are indicated by *. Significant partial correlations (p < 0.05), controlling for estimated BAC, with hangover severity are indicated by †. Abbreviation: BAC = blood alcohol concentration.