Table 1.
Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the study group at baseline.
| Characteristics | Study Group (n = 141) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.3 (13.3) |
| Male (sex) | 95 (67.4) |
| Race (Caucasian) | 140 (99.3) |
| Educational level | |
| Not even primary | 57 (40.4) |
| Complete primary | 47 (33.3) |
| Secondary high cycle | 28 (19.9) |
| Graduate or higher | 9 (6.4) |
| Employed | 24 (17.0) |
| Smoking | |
| Never | 63 (44.7) |
| Current or former | 78 (55.4) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 134 (95.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 (4.9) |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 (1.6) |
| Hypertension | 116 (82.3) |
| Dyslipidemia | 87 (61.7) |
| Microvascular complications | |
| Retinopathy | 96 (68.1) |
| Nephropathy | 51 (36.2) |
| Neuropathy | 131 (92.9) |
| Cardiovascular disease 1 | 126 (89.4) |
| Diabetes therapy | |
| OAD | 41 (29.1) |
| OAD + insulin | 57 (40.4) |
| Insulin | 36 (25.5) |
| Diet | 7 (5.0) |
| Antiplatelet agents | 94 (66.7) |
| Dialysis | 8 (5.7) |
| Ulcer type | |
| Neuropathic | 87 (61.7) |
| Ischemic | 9 (6.4) |
| Neuroischemic | 45 (31.9) |
| Infected ulcer | 83 (58.9) |
| Previous amputation | |
| Minor | 41 (29.1) |
| Major | 2 (1.4) |
| Charcot foot disease | 9 (6.4) |
Data are shown as mean (SD) for quantitative variables or n (%) for qualitative variables. 1 Cardiovascular disease included cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease and ischemic heart disease. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; OAD, oral antidiabetic agents.