Skip to main content
. 2020 Jul 28;9(8):675. doi: 10.3390/antiox9080675

Table 1.

Phenolic compounds identified and quantified (mg/100 g) in seeds, skins, stems and pomace extracts obtained with different solvents (ethanol, ethanol/water and water).

Seeds Skins Stems Pomace
Ethanol Ethanol/
Water
Water Ethanol Ethanol/
Water
Water Ethanol Ethanol/
Water
Water Ethanol Ethanol/
Water
Water
Phenolic acids
Gallic acid 7.42 ± 0.39 a 16.66 ± 0.30 b 41.45 ± 0.27 c 3.88 ± 0.27 a 4.18 ± 0.40 a 1.65 ± 0.28 b 3.70 ± 0.02 a 12.36 ± 1.47 b 14.98 ± 5.10 b 6.57 ± 0.08 a 17.85 ± 1.10 b 12.65 ± 0.23 c
Protocatechic acid 2.61 ± 0.00 a 3.66 ± 0.07 b 1.54 ± 0.04 c 2.65 ± 0.33 a 2.62 ± 0.30 a 5.22 ± 0.91 b 2.15 ± 0.06 a 5.22 ± 0.67 b 2.64 ± 0.26 a 2.88 ± 0.11 a 5.72 ± 0.42 b 2.82 ± 0.00 a
Flavanols
Catechin 22.06 ± 2.04 a 33.04 ± 6.25 b 26.73 ± 2.33 a,b 3.31 ± 4.67 a 6.81 ± 0.29 a NQ NQ 23.42 ± 1.01 a 6.90 ± 0.19 b 7.98 ± 0.07 a 17.45 ± 0.22 b 4.72 ± 0.40 c
Epicatechin 27.47 ± 0.17 a 40.02 ± 2.04 b 23.75 ± 2.07 c NQ 6.22 ± 0.97 NQ NQ 17.09 ± 0.13 a 6.76 ± 0.00 b 6.59 ± 0.00 a 16.75 ± 0.77 b 5.91 ± 0.76 a
Pc B1 22.53 ± 3.24 a,b 29.36 ± 6.32 a 18.09 ± 1.84 b 2.96 ± 0.00 a 9.53 ± 0.06 b NQ NQ 28.33 ± 2.90 a 10.38 ± 5.79 b 8.44 ± 0.14 a 18.07 ± 0.44 b 7.42 ± 0.40 c
Flavonols
Q-3-O-rutin 0.54 ± 0.18 a 0.95 ± 0.03 b 0.30 ± 0.06 c 5.11 ± 0.21 a 6.28 ± 1.39 a 0.23 ± 0.03 b 0.30 ± 0.01 a 6.62 ± 0.67 b 0.59 ± 0.13 a 1.54 ± 0.12 a 5.77 ± 1.05 b 0.35 ± 0.06 c
Q-3-O-gluc 1.19 ± 0.36 a 3.76 ± 0.07 b 1.18 ± 0.18 a 28.97 ± 5.46 a 48.85 ± 6.54 b 0.53 ± 0.14 c 0.77 ± 0.01 a 45.05 ± 7.73 b 5.64 ± 1.97 a 10.87 ± 0.50 a 47.81 ± 5.38 b 2.91 ± 0.01 c
K-3-O-gluc 0.20 ± 0.05 a 0.49 ± 0.01 b 0.18 ± 0.00 a 6.90 ± 1.10 a 7.38 ± 0.03 a 4.77 ± 0.00 b NQ 3.73 ± 0.47 a 0.56 ± 0.03 b 1.87 ± 0.03 a 6.18 ± 0.46 b 0.43 ± 0.00 c

Each value represents the mean (n = 3) ± SD. For the same byproduct, values in the same row followed by different letters indicate significant differences between extracts obtained with different solvents by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). NQ: not quantified. Pc, proanthocyanidin; Q, quercetin; K, kaempferol; rutin, rutinoside; gluc, glucoside; glucu, glucuronide.