Table 2.
Factors modulating ICE signs of lead fibrosis (univariate analysis).
| Variables | No TL/FAC Group (n = 15) | TL/FAC Group (n = 25) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 78 ± 8 | 74 ± 12 | - | ns | |
| Sex, #pt (%) | male | 12 (80.0) | 21 (84.0) | ||
| female | 3 (20.0) | 4 (16.0) | ns | ||
| BMI | 25.94 ± 3.30 | 27.92 ± 5.91 | - | ns | |
| Diabetes, #pt (%) | - | 12 (80.0) | 14 (56.0) | 1 | |
| + | 3 (20.0) | 11 (44.0) | 3.14 (0.70–14) | =0.12 | |
| EF (%) | 47 ± 12 | 45 ± 11 | - | ns | |
| CRF, #pt (%) | - | 9 (60.0) | 16 (64.0) | 1 | |
| + | 6 (40.0) | 9 (36.0) | 0.8 (0.22–3.1) | ns | |
| Pocket culture positive, #pt (%) | - | 0 (0) | 10 (40) | 1 | |
| + | 15(100) | 15 (60) | 0.04(0.002–0.9) | =0.04 | |
| Local device infection, #pt (%) | - | 0 (0) | 7 (28) | 1 | |
| + | 15 (100) | 18 (72) | 0.07(0.004–1.5) | =0.09 | |
| Veg by ICE, #pt (%) | - | 7 (47) | 6 (24) | 1 | |
| + | 8 (53) | 19 (76) | 2.7(0.7–10) | ns | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 9.07 ± 10.37 | 17.83 ± 31.06 | - | ns | |
| White cells (count) | 5.77 ± 1.51 | 7.52 ± 2.40 | - | <0.05 | |
| ESR (mm/h) | 29.33 ± 22 | 29.88 ± 22.47 | - | ns | |
| Number of leads | 2.22 ± 0.6 | 2.13 ± 0.3 | - | ns | |
| Implantation time (months) | 77 ± 61 | 134 ± 67 | - | <0.05 | |
# pts—number of patients; TL—thickened lead; FAC—lead fibrotic attachment to the cardiac wall; BMI—body mass index; CI—confidence interval; CRF—chronic renal failure; Veg—vegetations; CRF—chronic renal failure; EF—ejection fraction; m—months; CRP—C reactive protein; ESR—erythrocytes sedimentation rate; OR—odds ratio; -—factor absent; +—factor present.