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. 2020 Jul 26;9(8):1779. doi: 10.3390/cells9081779

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic diagram of two possible mechanisms through which Gas6 exerts its effect on glial cells through IL-10 and TGF-β induction. (A) Gas6 indirectly upregulates IL-10 via TGF-β. In this pathway, Gas6 activates astrocytes to release TGF-β which then acts on microglia to stimulate IL-10 production and contributes to the enhancement of myelination. (B) In addition, Gas6 could activate IL-10 in microglia via Axl prior to TGF-β upregulation, which then could enhance myelination, as well as stimulate TGF-β in astrocytes. This pathway could occur in the different cell types in parallel; in this case, TGF-β is indirectly activated via IL-10.