Application of spatially fractionated dose distributions to a deep seated pelvic tumour using an IMRT based method. (A, C, D) GTV iso-dose peak and valley dose distribution in axial, coronal, and sagittal views and (B) dose profile across the axial view. Note the variable dose-gradient slope in the valley dose regions, as well as the difference in peak dose regions due to anatomic placing of the spatially fractionated dose. These variations and valley doses are characteristic features of clinically delivered spatial fractionation that need to be recognised in interpreting mechanisms and outcomes. GTV, gross tumour volume;IMRT, intensity modulated radiotherapy.