Table 1.
Immunohistochemical studies for the expression of steroid hormone receptors in non-neoplastic urothelium versus urothelial carcinoma specimens.
| Author, Year [Reference] | Receptor | Tumor Site | Positive/Total Cases | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Tumor | Tumor | p Value | |||
| Boorjian, 2004 [8] | AR | Bladder | 32/37 (86%) | 26/49 (53%) | 0.001 * |
| Kauffman, 2011 [9] | AR | Bladder | 50/59 (84%) | 30/59 (51%) | <0.001 |
| Tuygun, 2011 [10] | AR | Bladder | 0/58 (0%) (Male) | 71/139 (51%) | <0.001 * |
| Miyamoto, 2012 [11] | AR | Bladder | 113/141 (80%) | 79/188 (42%) | <0.001 |
| Mashhadi, 2014 [12] | AR | Bladder | 0/132 (0%) | 26/120 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Kashiwagi, 2015 [13] | AR | UUT | 46/80 (58%) | 20/99 (20%) | <0.001 |
| Miyamoto, 2012 [11] | ERα | Bladder | 70/141 (50%) | 51/188 (27%) | <0.001 |
| Mashhadi, 2014 [12] | ERα | Bladder | 2/132 (2%) | 3/120 (3%) | 0.67 |
| Kashiwagi, 2015 [13] | ERα | UUT | 32/80 (40%) | 18/99 (18%) | 0.001 |
| Imai, 2019 [22] | ERα | Bladder | 33/92 (36%) | 48/125 (38%) | 0.777 * |
| Kontos, 2010 [23] | ERβ | Bladder | 27/29 (93%) | 84/111 (76%) | 0.041 * |
| Miyamoto, 2012 [11] | ERβ | Bladder | 125/141 (89%) | 93/188 (49%) | <0.001 |
| Kashiwagi, 2015 [13] | ERβ | UUT | 68/80 (85%) | 62/99 (63%) | 0.001 |
| Ishiguro,2014 [24] | GR | Bladder | 90/94 (96%) | 129/149 (87%) | 0.026 |
| Kashiwagi, 2015 [13] | GR | UUT | 67/80 (84%) | 62/99 (63%) | 0.001 |
| Mashhadi, 2014 [12] | PR | Bladder | 3/132 (2%) | 5/120 (4%) | 0.48 |
| Kashiwagi, 2015 [13] | PR | UUT | 10/80 (13%) | 16/99 (16%) | 0.487 |
| Imai, 2019 [22] | PR | Bladder | 1/92 (1%) | 4/125 (3%) | 0.398 * |
| Sahin, 2005 [25] | VDR | Bladder | 70/105 (67%) | 90/105 (86%) | 0.02 |
| Jóźwicki, 2015 [26] | VDR | Bladder | 12/12 (100%) | 62/71 (87%) | 0.345 * |
AR: androgen receptor; ER: estrogen receptor; GR: glucocorticoid receptor; PR: progesterone receptor; VDR: vitamin D receptor; UUT: upper urinary tract. * We calculated the two-tailed p values using Fisher’s exact test.