Table 3.

Analysis of phenolic compounds in broccoli sprouts and microgreens.

No.	Compounds	Molecular Formula	Germination Time	Characterization Method	Ref.
Phenolic acids and derivatives
1	Benzoic acid	C7H6O2	6 days	HPLC-UV	[76]
2	Salicylic acid	C7H6O3	6 days	HPLC-UV	[76]
3	p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	C7H6O3	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
4	Protocatechuic acid	C7H6O4	5 days	HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD-MS	[46,78]
5	Gentisic acid	C7H6O4	4 days	HPLC-UV	[70,72]
6	Gallic acid	C7H6O5	5–8 days	HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,24,46,49,76,78,79,80]
7	Vanillic acid	C8H8O	5 days	HPLC-UV	[78]
8	p-Coumaric acid	C9H8O3	4–7 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-UV	[70,72,78,79,80]
9	Esculetin	C9H6O4	5 days	HPLC-UV	[24]
10	Caffeic acid	C9H8O4	4–7 days	HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS	[24,43,72,78,79,80]
11	Ferulic acid	C10H10O4	3–14 days	HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS	[24,54,70,72,76,78,79]
12	Sinapic acid	C11H12O5	3–12 days	HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[14,19,21,43,46,49,54,70,72,76,78,79]
13	Gallic acid hexoside	C13H16O10	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
14	Gallic acid 4-O-glucoside	C13H16O10	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
15	Sinapoyl malate	C15H16O9	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
16	Isochlorogenic acid	C16H18O9	4 days	HPLC-UV	[70]
17	Chlorogenic acid	C16H18O9	3–12 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-UV	[14,70,72,76,78,79,80]
18	Caffeoyl-quinic acid	C16H18O9	3–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,43,49]
19	1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose	C17H22O10	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
20	5-O-Sinapoylquinic acid	C18H22O10	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
21	Digalloyl hexoside	C20H20O14	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
22	1,2-Diferuloylgentiobiose	C32H38O19	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
23	2-Feruloyl-1-sinapoylgentiobiose	C33H40O18	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
24	1,2-Disinapoylgentiobiose	C34H42O19	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[46,49]
25	1-Sinapoyl-2,2′-diferuloylgentiobiose	C43H46O24	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
26	2-Feruloyl-1,2’-disinapoylgentiobiose	C44H50O22	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,46,49]
27	1,2-Disinapoyl-1′-ferulolylgentiobiose	C44H50O23	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
28	1,2,2′-Trisinapoylgentiobiose	C45H52O23	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,46,49]
29	Gallotannic acid	C76H52O46	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
Flavonoids and derivatives
30	Apigenin	C15H10O5	5 days	HPLC-UV	[72,78,80]
31	Kaempferol	C15H10O6	5–12 days	HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[14,46,50,76,78,79,80]
32	Luteolin	C15H10O6	5 days	HPLC-UV	[72,78]
33	Quercetin	C15H10O7	5–12 days	HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[14,24,46,50,72,76,78,79]
34	Myricetin	C15H10O8	5 days	HPLC-UV	[24,72]
35	Astragalin	C21H20O11	7–8 days	HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS	[21,49]
36	Rutin	C27H30O16	NS	HPLC-DAD-MS	[46]
37	Robinin	C33H40O19	4 days	HPLC-UV	[70,72]
	Total phenolic compounds		3–14 days	UV/Vis, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[20,24,48,51,54,57,64,65,70,73,77,78,80,81,82,83]
	Total flavonoid compounds		3–14 days	UV/Vis, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS	[14,22,24,50,54,64,65,70,77,78,81]