Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD and associated factors in the study participants, KNHANES waves I–VII.
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | p for Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||||
| Univariate | ||||||||
| NAFLD | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.801–0.26) | 0.96 (0.751–0.23) | 1.38 (1.151–0.66) | 1.17 (0.961–0.42) | 1.42 (1.191–0.71) | 1.80 (1.502–0.17) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 1.00 | 1.31 (1.071–0.61) | 1.86 (1.472–0.36) | 1.65 (1.391–0.97) | 1.70 (1.432–0.03) | 1.90 (1.602–0.25) | 2.30 (1.932–0.74) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.821–0.30) | 1.58 (1.232–0.02) | 1.54 (1.281–0.85) | 1.32 (1.091–0.58) | 1.65 (1.381–0.98) | 2.30 (1.902–0.78) | <0.001 |
| High fat intake | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.811–0.68) | 1.12 (0.691–0.81) | 0.79 (0.551–0.14) | 1.16 (0.841–0.61) | 1.50 (1.102–0.04) | 2.09 (1.562–0.79) | <0.001 |
| Low physical activity | - | - | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.272–.05) | 2.32 (1.822–0.94) | 2.88 (2.273–0.65) | 4.57 (3.585–0.84) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate * | ||||||||
| NAFLD | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.761–0.22) | 0.94 (0.721–0.21) | 1.48 (1.221–0.80) | 1.22 (0.991–0.50) | 1.53 (1.261–0.85) | 1.93 (1.582–0.36) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.021–0.54) | 1.67 (1.312–0.12) | 1.55 (1.291–0.85) | 1.56 (1.301–0.88) | 1.74 (1.462–0.08) | 2.13 (1.772–0.58) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.741–0.18) | 1.31 (1.021–0.68) | 1.28 (1.061–0.55) | 1.07 (0.881–0.30) | 1.38 (1.151–0.66) | 1.91 (1.562–0.35) | <0.001 |
| High fat intake | 1.00 | 1.23 (0.841–0.80) | 1.37 (0.832–0.26) | 1.10 (0.751–0.61) | 1.61 (1.142–0.29) | 2.18 (1.583–0.01) | 2.77 (2.003–0.85) | <0.001 |
| Low physical activity | - | - | 1.00 | 1.67 (1.302–0.15) | 2.41 (1.883–0.09) | 3.03 (2.373–0.88) | 4.97 (3.866–0.41) | <0.001 |
| Women | ||||||||
| Univariate | ||||||||
| NAFLD | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.891–0.20) | 1.01 (0.841–0.21) | 1.17 (1.041–0.33) | 1.09 (0.961–0.23) | 1.07 (0.951–0.21) | 1.20 (1.051–0.38) | 0.019 |
| Obesity | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.971–0.26) | 1.18 (1.011–0.38) | 1.16 (1.041–0.30) | 1.20 (1.071–0.34) | 1.07 (0.961–0.20) | 1.26 (1.111–0.42) | 0.015 |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.001–0.35) | 1.16 (0.981–0.38) | 1.28 (1.131–0.46) | 1.21 (1.071–0.37) | 1.00 (0.881–0.13) | 1.33 (1.161–0.52) | 0.105 |
| High fat intake | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.791–0.26) | 1.18 (0.891–0.56) | 0.77 (0.620–0.96) | 1.08 (0.881–0.32) | 1.60 (1.321–0.95) | 2.30 (1.902–0.78) | <0.001 |
| Low physical activity | - | - | 1.00 | 1.82 (1.512–0.18) | 2.79 (2.333–0.35) | 3.40 (2.834–0.07) | 5.02 (4.166–0.06) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate * | ||||||||
| NAFLD | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.881–0.19) | 0.99 (0.821–0.19) | 1.06 (0.931–0.21) | 1.01 (0.891–0.15) | 1.03 (0.911–0.17) | 1.14 (0.991–0.32) | 0.141 |
| Obesity | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.951–0.23) | 1.13 (0.961–0.32) | 1.05 (0.931–0.17) | 1.10 (0.981–0.23) | 1.01 (0.891–0.13) | 1.16 (1.021–0.31) | 0.328 |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.941–0.26) | 1.05 (0.891–0.25) | 1.06 (0.931–0.21) | 1.01 (0.881–0.15) | 0.85 (0.740–0.97) | 1.08 (0.941–0.25) | 0.155 |
| High fat intake | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.831–0.33) | 1.32 (1.001–0.75) | 0.95 (0.761–0.18) | 1.31 (1.061–0.61) | 1.90 (1.552–0.34) | 2.99 (2.443–0.67) | <0.001 |
| Low physical activity | - | - | 1.00 | 1.79 (1.492–0.15) | 2.81 (2.343–0.37) | 3.46 (2.884–0.15) | 5.02 (4.166–0.05) | <0.001 |
* Multivariate model was adjusted for age, income, education, alcohol use, and smoking status. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.