Table 2.

Decay characteristics of radionuclides used for heterobivalent peptide labeling [108,109,110].

Radionuclide	Decay Mode	Half-Life	Application	Mean β-/γ-Energy
18F	β+ (100%)	109.77 min	PET imaging	249.8 keV (β+)
64Cu	β+ (17.6%) β− (38.5%)	12.70 h	PET imaging	278.2 keV (β+)
68Ga	β+ (89.1%)	67.71 min	PET imaging	836.0 keV (β+)
86Y	β+ (31.9%)	14.74 h	PET imaging	535 keV (β+)
90Y	β− (100%)	2.67 days	therapy	933 keV (β−)
99mTc	γ (100%)	6.01 h	SPECT imaging	140.51 keV (γ)
111In	EC (100%)	2.80 days	SPECT imaging	171.28 keV (γ) 245.35 keV (γ)
125I	EC (100%)	60 days	therapy	35.5 keV (γ)
177Lu	β− (100%)	6.71 days	therapy	133 keV (β−)

β⁺ = positron emission. β⁻ = electron emission. EC = electron capture.