Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variables | Before PS Matching | After PS Matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLR (n = 160) | LLR (n = 96) | p-Value | OLR (n = 91) | LLR (n = 91) | p-Value | |
| Sex (male) | 136 (85.0%) | 70 (72.9%) | 0.023 | 70 (76.9%) | 68 (74.7%) | 0.863 |
| Age > 75 | 25 (15.6%) | 12 (12.5%) | 0.583 | 12 (13.2%) | 11 (12.1%) | 0.823 |
| Diabetes | 52 (32.5%) | 38 (39.6%) | 0.280 | 30 (33.0%) | 37 (40.7%) | 0.357 |
| Hypertension (HTN) | 84 (52.5%) | 53 (55.2%) | 0.699 | 50 (54.9%) | 50 (54.9%) | 1.000 |
| Heart disease except HTN | 0.921 | 0.391 | ||||
| None | 149 (93.1%) | 89 (92.7%) | 84 (92.3%) | 85 (93.4%) | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||
| Angina pectoris | 7 (4.4%) | 5 (5.2%) | 5 (5.5%) | 5 (5.5%) | ||
| Arrhythmia | 3 (1.9%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Cerebrovascular accident | 3 (1.9%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.603 | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.316 |
| Pulmonary disease | 0.257 | 0.180 | ||||
| None | 147 (91.9%) | 91 (94.8%) | 81 (89.0%) | 86 (94.5%) | ||
| Asthma | 6 (3.8%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (5.5%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| COPD | 2 (1.3%) | 3 (3.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | 3 (3.3%) | ||
| Lung cancer | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Pneumonia | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Pneumoconiosis | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Pneumothorax | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||
| Tuberculosis | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||
| Etiology | 0.097 | 0.764 | ||||
| NBNC | 84 (52.5%) | 36 (37.5%) | 36 (39.6%) | 34 (37.4%) | ||
| HBV | 48 (30.0%) | 45 (46.9%) | 35 (38.5%) | 42 (46.2%) | ||
| HCV | 21 (13.1%) | 12 (12.5%) | 14 (15.4%) | 12 (13.2%) | ||
| HBV, HCV | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||
| NASH | 5 (3.1%) | 2 (2.1%) | 4 (4.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | ||
| WBC | 5800 (1730–10,300) | 5500 (2370–12,800) | 0.219 | 5640 (1730–9790) | 5560 (2370–12,800) | 0.875 |
| NLR | 0.58 (0.14–2.91) | 0.53 (0.09–1.86) | 0.415 | 0.60 (0.15–1.87) | 0.52 (0.09–1.86) | 0.179 |
| Hemoglobin | 13.5 (8.4–16.8) | 13.7 (9.6–17.0) | 0.418 | 13.5 (9.7–16.4) | 13.7 (9.6–17.0) | 0.475 |
| Platelet | 174,000 (12,000–710,000) | 171,000 (14,000–385,000) | 0.401 | 158,000 (12,000–710,000) | 174,000 (14,000–385,000) | 0.287 |
| Total bilirubin | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) | 0.713 | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) | 0.543 |
| AST | 29 (13–147) | 25 (14–140) | 0.010 | 29 (15–88) | 25 (14–140) | 0.061 |
| ALT | 26 (5–268) | 23 (5–297) | 0.051 | 24 (5–81) | 23 (5–297) | 0.405 |
| ALP | 79 (33–259) | 72 (35–393) | 0.007 | 78 (33–259) | 71 (35–393) | 0.026 |
| INR | 1.04 (0.89–1.47) | 1.04 (0.90–1.41) | 0.408 | 1.04 (0.90–1.27) | 1.04 (0.90–1.41) | 0.966 |
| Albumin | 4.3 (3.1–5.5) | 4.3 (3.2–5.2) | 0.395 | 4.3 (3.1–55) | 4.3 (3.2–5.2) | 0.639 |
| Creatinine | 0.90 (0.48–1.77) | 0.91 (0.51–4.21) | 0.723 | 0.89 (0.52–1.77) | 0.91 (0.51–4.21) | 0.430 |
| CRP | 0.12 (0.03–8.38) | 0.07 (0.03–4.98) | 0.524 | 0.07 (0.03–3.98) | 0.07 (0.03–4.98) | 0.919 |
| AFP > 40 | 46 (30.1%) | 35 (36.8%) | 0.330 | 21 (23.1%) | 33 (36.3%) | 0.074 |
| PIVKA-II > 70 | 76 (49.4%) | 37 (40.7%) | 0.233 | 29 (31.9%) | 37 (40.7%) | 0.280 |
| ICG-R15 | 11.3 (2.7–24.5) | 10.8 (3.4–44.6) | 0.752 | 11.8 (2.7–24.5) | 10.6 (3.4–44.6) | 0.431 |
PS, propensity score; OLR, open liver resection; LLR, laparoscopic liver resection; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NBNC, non-B non-C; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; WBC, white blood cell; NLR, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; INR, international normalized ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; PIVKA-II, prothrombin in vitamin K absence-II; ICG-R15, indocyanine green clearance at 15 min.