Table 2.
Urinalysis data of SD rats orally administered frpfdZAL for 13 weeks.
| Parameters | Result | 0 mg/kg/day | 1250 mg/kg/day | 2500 mg/kg/day | 5000 mg/kg/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | |||||
| GLU | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| BIL | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| KET | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| +/− | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| 1+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | |
| pH | 7.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
| 8.0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
| 8.5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | |
| PRO | - | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| +/− | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | |
| 1+ | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | |
| URO | 0.2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| NIT | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| BLO | - | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| +/− | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| volume | (mL) | 15.8 ± 3.6 | 14.6 ± 2.1 | 15.4 ± 2.2 | 14.2 ± 3.3 |
| Female | |||||
| GLU | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| BIL | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| KET | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| pH | 7.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 * |
| 7.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
| 8.0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | |
| 8.5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |
| PRO | +/− | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| 1+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| URO | 0.2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| NIT | - | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| + | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| BLO | +/− | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| volume | (mL) | 11.2 ± 2.9 | 11.0 ± 4.5 | 9.8 ± 7.7 | 11.2 ± 3.1 |
GLU: Glucose, BIL: Bilirubin, KET: Ketone body, PRO: Protein, URO: Urobilinogen, NIT: Nitrite, BLO: Occult blood. * Significant difference at p < 0.05 levels compared to the vehicle control (n = 5). Citation in Table A1 for Urinalysis data.