Table 4.
Comparison of changes in volatile composition of fresh and dried hemp flowers.
| Compound | Drying Method | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh 1 | CD 50 °C | CD 60 °C | CD 70 °C | VMD 240 W | VMD 360 W | VMD 480 W | CPD-VMFD | |
| Content (%) | ||||||||
| α-Pinene | 2.16 a,3 | 10.79 g | 7.16 e | 8.27 e | 3.67 b | 5.86 d | 9.58 f | 11.13 g |
| β-Pinene | 2.51 a | 4.47 a | 3.49 c | 4.43 d | 2.17 a | 2.89 b | 4.96 e | 5.12 e |
| β-Myrcene | 26.66 a | 9.95 f | 10.34 e | 19.27 b | 10.78 e | 7.54 g | 13.03 d | 16.88 c |
| Limonene | 10.45 a | 2.17 e | 2.16 e | 4.13 b | 3.55 c | 1.58 g | 2.02 f | 2.77 d |
| β-trans-Ocimene | 1.12 a | 0.80 d | 0.62 e | 0.99 b | 0.50 f | 0.78 d | 0.68 e | 0.92 c |
| Terpinolene | 2.50 a | 0.97 e | 1.60 b | 1.66 b | 0.69 f | 0.29 g | 1.25 c | 1.29 c |
| β-(E)-Caryophyllene | 17.50 a | 25.35 e | 23.41 c | 17.91 a | 24.26 d | 22.62 b | 16.92 a | 24.24 d |
| α-Humulene | 7.26 a | 11.51 e | 9.62 c | 7.22 a | 9.23 c | 8.90 b | 8.41 b | 10.32 d |
| (E,E)-α-Farnese | 1.80 a | 1.82 a | 0.58 e | 1.05 d | 1.14 c | 1.44 b | 1.48 b | 1.03 d |
| Selina-4(15),7(11)-diene | 2.13 a | 1.21 f | 1.20 f | 1.35 e | 1.96 b | 1.43 d | 1.52 c | 1.47 d |
| Caryophyllene oxide | 3.79 a | 4.96 b | 7.82 c | 10.71 e | 11.04 e | 8.65 d | 12.16 f | 5.84 b |
| EO yield 2 | 0.21 a | 0.16 c | 0.14 d | 0.12 e | 0.18 b | 0.15 d | 0.15 d | 0.11 e |
| % recovery of EO | 100 | 76.19 | 66.67 | 57.14 | 85.71 | 71.42 | 71.42 | 52.38 |
1 Dry mass calculated; 2 mL/100 g−1 according to distillation on Deryng apparatus; 3 values followed by the same letter within a row are not significantly different (p > 0.05, Duncan’s test).