Table 1.

Characteristics of the sample.

	NAP with positive FTD (n = 20)	NAP without positive FTD (n = 20)	HC (n = 20)	Statistics	p-value
Age (years)	45.7 (11.91) †	41.9 (10.87)	43.9 (13.29)	F a = .5	.61
Sex (male)	n = 15	n = 7	n = 11	χ² b = 6.47	.04
Verbal IQ	103.6 (14.86)	106.1 (12.61)	103.25 (7.62)	Welch’s F c = .37	.69
Inpatients	n = 7	n = 0		χ² d = 8.49	.004
F20.0	n = 16	n = 17		χ² = .17	.68
F25.0	n = 4	n = 3		χ² = .17	.68
Antipsychotic medication	n = 18	n = 20		χ² = 2.11	.15
CGI	5.2 (1.36)	3.65 (1.31)		t e = −3.67	.001
Duration of illness (years)	17.25 (12.03)	14.35 (9.91)		t = -.83	.41
SAPS
positive FTD	2.8 (.7)	.35 (.59)		t = −12.03	<.001
Incoherence	1.4 (1.55)	.05 (.22)		t = −4.25	<.001
Tangentiality	2.6 (.82)	.05 (.22)		t = −13.41	<.001
Derailment	2.25 (1.29)	.15 (.67)		t = −6.45	<.001
Illogicality	1.5 (1.54)	.05 (.22)		t = −4.17	<.001
Circumstantiality	1.7 (1.66)	.55 (.89)		t = −2.74	.009
Pressured speech	2.15 (1.6)	.4 (.88)		t = −4.29	<.001
Distractibility	1.25 (1.29)	.1 (.45)		t = −3.76	.001
Clanging	.6 (1.0)	0		t = −2.7	.01
Hallucinations	1.6 (1.67)	1.0 (1.49)		t = −1.2	.24
Delusions	2.6 (1.23)	.7 (1.03)		t = −5.29	<.001
Bizarre Behavior	1.3 (1.26)	.05 (.22)		t = −4.37	<.001
Inappropriate Affect	.85 (1.23)	.05 (.22)		t = −2.87	.009
SANS			–
Flat Affect	1.55 (1.54)	1.3 (1.13)		t = -.59	.56
Alogia	1.0 (1.38)	.85 (1.09)		t = -.38	.7
Avolition/apathy	1.95 (1.47)	1.55 (1.47)		t = -.86	.39
Anhedonia/asociality	2.6 (1.31)	1.95 (1.47)		t = −1.48	.15
Attention	.95 (1.13)	.15 (.67)		t = −2.66	.012

^†Mean (SD); group comparisons between healthy controls (HC) and patients with non-affective psychoses (NAP) with and without formal thought disorder (FTD): ^aANOVA; ^bχ²-test; ^cWelch’s ANOVA; group comparisons between patients with and without FTD: ^dχ²-test; ^et-test for independent samples. CGI: Clinical Global Impression; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms.