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. 2020 Aug 19;8:783. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00783

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Second trimester ACE2 + TMPRSS2 + cells are invasive extravillous trophoblasts and express markers of endovascular trophoblasts. (A) Distribution of 983 differentially expressed genes in ACE2- and TMPRSS2-positive (n = 29) (ACE2 + TMPRSS2 +) and ACE2- and TMPRSS2-negative (n = 66) (ACE2–TMPRSS2–) cells of the second trimester extravillous trophoblast. Rows represent genes and columns represent individual cells, presented on a relative color scale. (B) Biological processes enriched in the ACE2 + TMPRSS2 + cells (n = 29) of the second trimester extravillous trophoblast. The Y axis indicates the enriched biological processes and X axis is the enrichment score. (C) Comparison of mRNA level of CDH5, VCAM, CCR1, CD59, OVOL2, ICAM, and AKT1 in ACE2–TMPRSS2- (n = 66) and ACE2 + TMPRSS2 + (n = 29) cells. Each dot represents data of a single cell, the Y axis represents Transcripts Per Million (TPM). Bars denote mean ± SD. Horizontal black bars denote significantly different values (* indicates p-value ≤ 0.05, ** indicates p-value ≤ 0.001, **** indicates p-value < 0.0001). (D) Heatmap showing the expression of genes involved in endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), replication and host genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 interaction. In all heat maps, each row depicts a gene and each column depicts a single ACE2 + TMPRSS2 + cell of the second trimester extravillous trophoblast. The data is presented on a relative color scale in which the minimum and maximum values in each row are used to convert values to colors. Data was extracted from single cell RNA-seq of human placenta (Liu et al., 2018) [Accession number GSE89497].