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. 2020 Aug 19;10:1563. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01563

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Copyright © 2020 Gao, Qiao, Xing, Huang, Qian, Wang, Zhang, Zhang, Li, Cui and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Increased matrix stiffness activates the PI3K/Akt signal pathway, simultaneously upregulates MMP2/MMP9 expressions, and downregulates PTEN expression. (A) The expression levels of PTEN, MMP2, and MMP9 in HCC tissues derived from buffalo rat HCC models with different liver stiffness backgrounds. L, normal liver stiffness group; M, medium liver stiffness group; H, high liver stiffness group. (B) Increased matrix stiffness activated the PI3K/Akt/MMP signaling pathway, simultaneously upregulated MMP2/MMP9 expressions, and downregulated the PTEN expression in MHCC97H and Hep3B cells. Error bar represents SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.