Table 1.
Characteristics of all cardiac surgery patients in the physical recovery group and non-recovery group
| All (n = 803) | R (n = 627) | NR (n = 176) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Baseline SF 36 physical domain score | 59 [45–73] | 56 [42–69] | 71 [55–86] | < 0.001a |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 27 [25–30] | 27 [25–30] | 27 [25–29] | 0.891 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| CVA (%) | 2 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.658 |
| Neurologic dysfunction (%) | 2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.757 |
| Cardiac status | ||||
| Unstable AP (%) | 3.5 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 0.387 |
| EuroSCORE II | 1.6 [1.1–2.7] | 1.5 [1.0–2.6] | 1.8 [1.2–3.0] | 0.030a |
| Age (years) | 69 [62–75] | 69 [62–75] | 70 [62–75] | 0.127 |
| Gender Male (%) | 77 | 78 | 73 | 0.144 |
| Serum Creatinine (umol/l) | 84 [73–96] | 84 [73–96] | 82 [72–95] | 0.347 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy (%) | 8 | 7.5 | 9.1 | 0.487 |
| Poor mobility (%) | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.757 |
| Previous cardiac surgery (%) | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.798 |
| Chronic lung disease (%) | 12 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 0.755 |
| Active endocarditis (%) | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.498 |
| Critical preoperative state (%) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.174 |
| Diabetes (%) | 18.9 | 17.5 | 23.9 | 0.059 |
| NYHA Class III or IV (%) | 54 | 53.5 | 55.1 | 0.692 |
| Angina CCS Class IV (%) | 1.9 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.150 |
| LVEF (%) | 0.254 | |||
| Good | 77 | 78 | 75 | |
| Moderate | 18 | 17 | 22 | |
| Poor | 4 | 4 | 2 | |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Recent MI (%) | 21 | 19.6 | 27.8 | 0.019a |
| Pulmonary hypertension (%) | 12.6 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 0.654 |
| Urgency (%) | 0.231 | |||
| Elective | 50 | 51.4 | 45.5 | |
| Urgent | 48.7 | 47.5 | 52.3 | |
| Emergency | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.3 | |
| Weight of intervention (%) | 0.456 | |||
| Isolated CABG | 69.4 | 68.6 | 72.2 | |
| Single Non CABG | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | |
| 2 Procedures | 15.4 | 16.4 | 11.9 | |
| 3 Procedures | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.8 | |
| Surgery on thoracic aorta (%) | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 0.341 |
| Intraoperative characteristics | ||||
| Aortic cross-clamp (min) | 60 [42–83] | 61 [42–83] | 59 [44–81] | 0.358 |
| ECC (min) | 91 [64–118] | 92 [63–119] | 86 [64–116] | 0.382 |
| Postoperative characteristics | ||||
| Infection (%) | 5.6 | 4.5 | 9.7 | 0.008a |
| First detubation (hour) | 3.2 [2.5–4.7] | 3.2 [2.5–4.6] | 3.2 [2.5–4.9] | 0.868 |
| Re-sternotomy < 30 d (%) | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.765 |
| ICU days (n) | 1.0 [1.0–1.0] | 1.0 [1.0–1.0] | 1.0 [1.0–1.0] | 0.450 |
| ICU stay extended (%) | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 0.913 |
| CVA (%) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.336 |
| Readmission ICU (%) | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.285 |
| Readmission < 30 days after discharge (%) | 0.9 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.026a |
| MI (incl. Perioperative MI) (%) | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 0.740 |
| MI (excl. Perioperative MI) (%) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.142 |
| PCI < 1 year (%) | 2.2 | 1.3 | 5.7 | < 0.001a |
Abbreviations: R recovery group, NR non-recovery group, CVA cerebral vascular accident, AP angina pectoris, EuroSCORE European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation, NYHA New York Heart Association, CCS Class 4 Angina Inability to perform any activity without angina or angina at rest, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MI Myocardial infarction, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, ECC extracorporeal circulation, ICU intensive care unit, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
aIndicates a significant difference across groups. Data are presented as median [interquartile range] unless stated otherwise