Table 2.

The combination index (CI)^* values for the Beta vulgaris juice (BVJ) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) mixture on the tested parameters

Parameters	CI	Effect
In vitro antioxidant models
ABTS (mg/mL)	0.000 ± 0.000	Synergistic
β-carotene bleaching (mg/mL)	3.764 ± 0.122	Antagonistic
Ferric reducing power (mg/mL)	0.245 ± 0.026	Synergistic
Liver function parameters
ALT (U/L)	0.866 ± 0.072	Synergistic
AST (U/L)	0.545 ± 0.148	Synergistic
ALP (U/L)	0.626 ± 0.129	Synergistic
Albumin (mg/dl)	0.893 ± 0.107	Synergistic
Total protein (g/dl)	1.006 ± 0.062	Additive
Kidney function markers
Urea (mg/dl)	0.798 ± 0.067	Synergistic
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.725 ± 0.077	Synergistic
Lead concentration
Blood lead level (μg/dl)	0.037 ± 0.012	Synergistic
Hepatic lead Level (μg/g tissue)	0.062 ± 0.013	Synergistic
Oxidative stress markers
Lipid peroxidation (pmol/g tissue)	0.641 ± 0.050	Synergistic
GSH (mg/g tissue)	0.864 ± 0.019	Synergistic
TAC (μg BHT Eq/g tissue)	0.969 ± 0.136	Synergistic
SOD (IU/mg protein)	0.624 ± 0.144	Synergistic
GPX (IU/mg protein)	0.655 ± 0.099	Synergistic
Catalase (IU/mg protein)	0.7663 ± 0.162	Synergistic
GST (IU/mg protein)	1.1262 ± 0.226	Antagonistic
GST α1 (expression fold)	1.814 ± 0.600	Antagonistic
Inflammatory parameters
NO (mmol/g tissue)	0.677 ± 0.119	Synergistic
IL-6 (pg/g tissue)	0.402 ± 0.100	Synergistic
DNA fragmentation (%)	0.844 ± 0.084	Synergistic

^*CI value of < 1 shows synergistic effect; > 1 shows antagonistic effect; = 1 shows additive effect. TAC Total antioxidant capacity, HCA Hydroxycinnamic acid, ABTS 2,2- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, GSH Reduced Glutathione, SOD Superoxide dismutase, GPX Glutathione peroxidase, GST Glutathione S-transferase, NO Nitric oxide, IL-6 Interleukin-6