Table 1.

The physicochemical characteristics of the titanium dioxide nanomaterials [28].

	NM-102	NM-103	NM-105
Batch#	JRCNM10202a	JRCNM62001a	JRCNM01005a
Crystalline phase	Anatase	Rutile	Anatase and rutile (81.5:18.5.)
Primary particle size (nm)	22	28	30
DLS (nm)	Zav = 442.6 PDI = 0.428	Zav = 113.8 PDI = 0.252	Zav = 124.5 PDI = 0.172
Specific surface area (m2/g)	77.99	50.84	46.18
Agglomerates/ aggregates size (nm)	100–500	NA	20–500

DLS, dynamic light scattering; Zav, hydrodynamic particle size; PDI, polydispersity index; NA, not available. For DLS measurements, suspensions of TiO₂ nanomaterials were dispersed by ultrasonication in BSA water according to the validated NANOGENOTOX protocol [29].