Table 5.
The antiviral properties of AgNPs.
| Virus | Family | Silver Nanoparticles Composition | Mechanism of Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) | Herpesviridae | Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles (13 nm) | Interact with viral glycoproteins thus interfere with cell attachment | [84] |
| Bacteriophage MS2 | Leviviridae | Magnetic hybrid colloid silver nanoparticles (15 nm) | Damage proteins of the viral coat | [85] |
| Murine novovirus | Caliciviridae | |||
| Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2) | Herpesviridae | Mycosynthsized silver nanoparticles (4–31 nm) | Block interaction of virus and cells | [86] |
| Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3) | Paramyxoviridae | |||
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Retroviridae | PVP-coated silver nanoparticles (30–50 nm) | Inhibit the interaction between gp120 and cell membrane receptors | [87] |
| H1N1 influenza A | Orthomyxoviridae | Chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (3.5, 6.5, and 12.9 nm) | Inhibit the viral contact with host cells and interaction of silver nanoparticles with viral glycoproteins | [88] |
| Poliovirus | Pure silver nanoparticles (7.1 nm) | Bind with the viral particles thus prevent binding with host receptor and inhibition of viral proteins | [89] | |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | Paramyxoviridae | PVP-coated silver nanoparticles (10 nm) | Interfere with virus attachment by binding with gp120 glycoprotein | [90] |
| Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | Hepadnaviridae | Silver nanoparticles (10 and 50 nm) | Reduce the formation of HBV DNA by binding with the HBV dsDNA and virions | [91] |
| Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) | Adenoviridae | Silver nanoparticles (11.4 nm) | Damaging the viral particles and bind to the viral DNA | [92] |