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. 2020 Aug 17;10(8):1609. doi: 10.3390/nano10081609

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(A) A schematic representation of the preparation of electrospun nanofibrous membranes with embossed patterns for guided vascularization: (a) the formation of embossed sheet and plating of human ECs and mouse fibroblast cells, (b) stacking and incubating of the cell-laden sheets for 3 days before the implantation into subcutaneous pockets in mice, and (c) four different experimental groups evaluated in vivo. (B) Immunofluorescence images exhibiting differences in VEGF expression in different groups after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of surgery; dashed lines show the edge of transplanted embossed sheets. Green: VEGF, red: human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), blue: DAPI. (C) Immunofluorescence images exhibiting differences in angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) expression in cross-sections of different groups after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of surgery; dashed lines show the edge of transplanted embossed sheets. Green: Ang-1, red: HUVEC, blue: DAPI (adapted from Hong et al. [204]). PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone); EC, endothelial cell.