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. 2020 Aug 19;8:1015. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01015

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Copyright © 2020 Yan, Yu, Li, Qiao, Wang, Zhang, Li, Zhou and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of the EV/scaffold study design for bone defect repair. An injectable HAP-embedded in situ cross-linked HA-ALG hydrogel system was synthesized to facilitate controlled delivery and mechanical support of EVs. The exosomes were isolated from hUCMSCs and then incorporated into the HA-ALG hydrogel scaffold system in a rat model of calvarial bone defects in vivo to reveal bone regeneration and angiogenesis effects. Reproduced with permission from Yang et al. (2020). hUCMSCs, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; HAP, hydroxyapatite; HA-ALG, hyaluronic acid-alginate; HA-ADH, hyaluronic acid- adipic dihydrazide; ALG-CHO, aldehyde-modified alginate; SD rats, Sprague Dawley rats.