Table 1.
Target | Population | Drug | Additional therapy | Treatment setting | Ongoing clinical trials | Status¥ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Targeting the KRAS Pathway | ||||||
HER2 | Advanced pancreatic, biliary cancers | Afatinib | Gemcitabine | Any line | Phase 1b NCT02451553 | Recruiting |
Solid tumors with NRG1 fusion | Zenocutuzumab | None | Any line | Phase 1/2 NCT02912949 | Recruiting | |
NTRK fusion | NTRK/ROS1/ALK gene rearranged advanced/metastatic solid tumors | Entrectinib | None | Any line | Phase 2 NCT02568267 | Recruiting |
ALK, ROS1 gene translocations | ALK, ROS1 translocated solid tumors | Crizotinib | None | Any line | Phase 2 NCT02465060 (MATCH screening trial) | Recruiting |
BRAF V600E mutation | BRAF V600E/R/K/D mutant solid tumors | Dabrafenib | Trametinib | Any line | Phase 2 NCT02465060 (MATCH screening trial) | Recruiting |
KRASG12C | KRASG12C-mutant PDAC, solid tumors | AMG-510 | Alone or +MEK-inhibitor | ND | Phase 1b NCT04185883 | Recruiting |
Alone | ND | Phase 1/2 NCT03600883 | Recruiting | |||
MRTX849 | Alone | ND | Phase 1/2 NCT03785249 | |||
Autophagy | KRAS-mutant PDAC | Hydroxychloroquine | GA | Any | Phase 1/2 NCT01506973 | Recruiting |
MEK-inhibitors: Binimetinib, Trametinib | Any | Phase 1 NCT03825289, NCT04132505 | Recruiting | |||
KRASG12D | KRASG12D-mutant mPDAC | KRASG12D siRNA | None | Second-line or more | Phase 1 NCT03608631 | Recruiting |
Tumor Metabolism | ||||||
Mitochondrial metabolism | mPDAC | Devimistat (CPI-613) | (m)FOLFIRINOX | First-line | Phase 3 NCT03504423 | Recruiting |
Ubidecarenone (BMP31150) | Gemcitabine | Second- or third-line | Phase 2 NCT02650804 | Recruiting | ||
Eryaspase | GA or 5-FU/LV plus Irinotecan | Second-line | Phase 3 NCT03665441 | Recruiting | ||
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment | ||||||
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) | Advanced solid tumors Advanced PDAC |
Defactinib | Gemcitabine, pembrolizumab | Second-line | Phase 1 NCT02546531 | Recruiting complete |
Pembrolizumab | Exhausted standard CT | Phase 1/2 NCT02758587 | ||||
GSK2256098 | Trametinib | Exhausted standard CT | Phase 2 NCT02428270 | Complete | ||
Vitamin D pathway | mPDAC | Paricalcitol | Pembrolizumab | Maintenance Phase 2 NCT02428270 | Phase 2 NCT03331562, NCT03520790 | Complete |
IDO1 inhibition | mPDAC | Epacadostat | Pembrolizumab, CRS-207 | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT03006302 | Recruiting |
Immunotherapeutic strategies: Beyond MMR Gene Defects, MSI-H tumors | ||||||
PD-1 | mPDAC, advanced PDAC | Pembrolizumab | PEGPH20 | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT04058964 | Not yet recruiting |
Paricalcitol | Maintenance | Phase 2 NCT03331562 | Recruiting | |||
Azacytidine | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT03264404 | Recruiting | |||
BL-8040 | Second-line | Phase 2b NCT02907099 | Complete | |||
Sonidegib | Second-line | Phase 1 (Part B) NCT04007744 | Recruiting | |||
Nivolumab | Cabiralizumab+ gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT03697564 | Recruiting | ||
PD-L1 | RAS-mutant solid tumors (mPDAC) | Avelumab | Binimetinib+ talazoparib | Second-line or later | Phase 1b/2 NCT03637491 | Recruiting |
Oncolytic virus | Advanced PDAC | Pelareorep | Pembrolizumab | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT03723915 | Recruiting |
Peptide vaccine | mPDAC, CRC | Tumor associated peptide vaccine | Personolized peptide vaccine | Imiquimod (topical) Pembrolizumab | Pilot NCT02600949 | Active not recruiting |
T cells therapy | Metastatic GI cancers | Autologous CD 8+ T cells | Pembrolizumab | Second-line or more | Pilot NCT02757391 | Complete |
CD40 | mPDAC | APX005M (CD40 agonist monoclonal Ab) | GA± nivolumab | First-line | Phase 1b/2 NCT03214250 | Active not recruiting |
Combination immunotherapy | mPDAC | CRS-207, nivolumab, ipilimumab | ± GVAX | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT03190265 | Recruiting |
Epacadostat | Pembrolizumab, CRS-207 | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT03006302 | Recruiting | ||
Atezolizumab | CT, multiple immunotherapy (Emactuzumab, Selicrulumab, etc.) | Cohort 1: First-line; Cohort 2: second line | Phase 1b/2 NCT03193190 | Recruiting | ||
mPDAC | Durvalumab+ tremelimumab | GA | First-line | Phase 2 NCT02879318 | Recruiting | |
DDR Gene Mutation | ||||||
DDR gene | Germline/somatic BRCA, PALB2 mutated mPDAC (not progressed on platinum-based therapy) | Rucaparib | None | Maintenance | Phase 2 NCT03140670 | Recruiting |
Germline/somatic DDR gene mutated solid tumors | Rucaparib | None | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT04171700 | Recruiting | |
mPDAC (other GI cancers) with DDR gene mutations | Rucaparib | 5-FU/LV + Irinotecan | First-line¶ | Phase 2 NCT03337087 | Recruiting | |
mPDAC (±DDR gene mutation) | Rucaparib | FOLFIRI | Second-line | Phase 2 NCT02890355 | Active, not recruiting | |
Advanced PDAC with BRCA1/2, PALB2, CHEK2 or ATM mutation | Niraparib | None | Second-line or more | Phase 2 NCT03601923 | Recruiting | |
Phase 2 NCT03553004 | Recruiting | |||||
mPDAC with DDR gene mutations | Niraparib | Nivolumab or ipilumumab (Parpvax) | Second-line or more | Phase 1b/2 NCT03404960 | Recruiting | |
Other Approaches | ||||||
Adenosine | Advanced solid cancers | Ciforadenant (A2AR antagonist) | CPI006, pembrolizumab | Second-line or more | Phase 1/1b NCT03454451 | Recruiting |
NIR178 (A2AR antagonist) | PDR001 (anti-PD-1) | Second-line or more | Phase 2 (nonrandomized) NCT03207867 | Recruiting | ||
TTX-030 (anti-CD39 antibody | Pembrolizumab or chemotherapy | ND | Phase 1/1b (nonrandomized) NCT03884556 | Recruiting | ||
AXL pathway | mPDAC | Bemcentinib (BGB324) | GA | First-line | Phase 1b/2 NCT03649321 | Recruiting |
RNAi | Locally advanced PDAC | siG12D-LODERTM | GA | First-line | Phase 2 NCT01676259† | Recruiting |
PDGFR | mPDAC | Olaratumab | GA | First-line | Phase 1b/2 NCT03086369 | |
Hedgehog pathway | Advanced solid tumors | Sonidegib | Pembrolizumab | Phase 1 NCT04007744 | Not yet recruiting | |
Toll-like receptor | Refractory mPDAC | SD-101 | Nivolumab, radiation | Second-line or more | Pilot NCT04050085 |
Date accessed 02/02/2020; § Trials of PEGPH20 has been negative so far;
Also includes phase 1 and phase 1b.
Part 1 and part 2;
Being amended to include (m)FOLFIRINOX.
mPDAC metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; GA gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel; mFOLFIRINOX modified regimen of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin; 5-FU/LV 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin; HA hyaluronic acid; CT chemotherapy; IDO1 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1; CRS-207 Listeria monocytogenes expressing mesothelin; CRC colorectal cancer; GI gastrointestinal; ND not defined.