Table 2. Classification of Pyrus species into different groups as reported in Montanari et al. (2019).

Occidental species	Oriental species
Group Communis	Group 3 (East Asian “pea” pears)
Pyrus communis	Pyrus betulaefolia
Pyrus communis subsp. caucasica	Pyrus calleryana
Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster	Pyrus calleryana f. graciliflora
Group 1 (Europe, North Africa – P. communis wild relatives)	Pyrus dimorphophylla
Pyrus cordata	Pyrus fauriei
Pyrus cossonii	Pyrus koehnei
Pyrus gharbiana	Group 4 (East Asian large-fruited cultivars and wild relatives)
Pyrus korshinskyi	Pyrus ×bretschneideri
Pyrus mamorensis	Pyrus ×sinkiangensis
Pyrus nivalis	Pyrus hondoensis
Group 2 (Middle East/Central Asia arid-adapted species)	Pyrus pashia
Pyrus ×canescens	Pyrus pseudopashia
Pyrus elaeagrifolia	Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus glabra	Pyrus ussuriensis
Pyrus regelii	Pyrus xerophila
Pyrus sachokiana
Pyrus salicifolia
Pyrus spinosa
Pyrus syriaca