Figure 1.

The transcription signature of burdened cells: (A) Engineering libraries of burdened cells: Transforming yeast with a linearized plasmid harboring TDH3 promoter-driven mCherry results in a variable number of genomic tandem integrations per cell. Individual clones with increasing copy number are taken for further analyses. See methods for details. (B) Cellular transcription response changes gradually with the level of forced expression: Shown are the Pearson correlations r between the transcription profiles of cells burdened with the indicated mCherry copy number, grown in the indicated conditions. Expression levels were normalized by their mean value in the specific condition and log₂-transformed. (C) Expression levels: The top and bottom 1000 affected genes were selected and sorted by the strongest change with the relative growth rate in standard media SC. The expression is shown as a function of cell growth rate (x-axis) relative to WT, corresponding to the indicated burden copy number.