Table 1.

A comparison of pre and post echocardiography derived parameters after 5 days of temperate exercise (TEMP) in comparison to 5 days of heat acclimation (HOT). *denotes p < 0.05.

		TEMP		HOT		Δ Cohen's D	P value
		Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)
		Pre	Post	Pre	Post
LV volumes
EDV	(ml)	154 (13)	150 (15)	152 (21)	161 (16)	1.65 (0.39–2.91)	0.03*
ESV	(ml)	63 (4)	62 (6)	62 (12)	66 (12)	0.98 (−0.18–2.13)	0.17
SV (LVEDV-LVESV)	(ml)	91 (10)	88 (12)	90 (13)	96 (13)	1.29 (0.09–2.49)	0.05
SV (LVOT area x LVOT VTI)	(ml)	108 (16)	103 (9)	102 (9)	113 (8)	1.69 (0.42–2.96)	0.01*
Ejection fraction	(%)	59 (2)	58 (4)	60 (5)	59 (5)	0.17 (−0.92–1.27)	0.77
LV longitudinal function
MAPSE (lateral)	(cm)	1.9 (0.4)	1.8 (0.2)	1.7 (0.3)	1.8 (0.3)	−0.06 (−1.19–1.07)	0.56
MAPSE (medial)	(cm)	1.4 (0.1)	1.5 (0.4)	1.5 (0.2)	1.4 (0.1)	0.11 (−1.02–1.24)	0.86
LV S′	(cm/s)	14 (2)	12 (1)	12 (2)	12 (2)	0.77 (−0.45–2.00)	0.97
RV longitudinal function
TAPSE	(cm)	2.5 (0.3)	2.6 (0.3)	2.4 (0.2)	2.3 (0.3)	−0.75 (−1.88–0.37)	0.17
RV S′	(cm)	16 (3)	13 (2)	15 (2.2)	13 (2.0)	0.41 (−1.71–2.53)	0.50
Diastology	cm
E	(cm/s)	83 (20)	74 (8)	78 (13)	83 (6)	1.12 (−0.14–2.38)	0.10
A	(cm/s)	39 (12)	35 (7)	44 (14)	37 (7)	−0.29 (−1.48–0.9)	0.11
E/A		2.3 (0.9)	2.2 (0.6)	1.8 (0.4)	2.3 (0.6)	1.08 (−0.18–2.33)	0.11
E′	(cm/s)	23 (4)	16 (4)	19 (2)	16 (4)	1.40 (0.10–2.71)	0.04*
A′	(cm/s)	10 (2)	8 (3)	10 (3)	9 (2)	0.65 (−0.57–1.86)	0.31
Atrial Volumes	Cm/s
LA volume	(ml)	57 (10)	53 (11)	58 (20)	67 (19)	1.91 (0.6–3.23)	0.005**
RA Volume	(ml)	60 (17)	60 (19)	68 (16)	76 (19)	0.57 (−0.54–1.68)	0.33
Inferior Vena Cava
IVC diameter expiration	(cm)	2.0 (0.3)	1.7 (0.5)	1.8 (0.4)	2.5 (0.6)	1.60 (0.26–2.94)	0.03*
IVC diameter inspiration	(cm)	0.9 (0.2)	0.6 (0.4)	0.9 (0.3)	1.2 (0.3)	1.98 (0.6–3.36)	0.03*