Fig. 1.

Effect of CQ and HCQ on the viability of ACE2^h cells. A. Western blotting analysis of the expression levels of ACE2 protein in EOL-1 cells, AT2 cells, HSAEpC cells, and ACE2^h cells. B. Viability of ACE2^h cells treated with CQ or HCQ for 24 h. C. The toxicity of HCQ and CQ on ACE2^h cells at different time points. D. Calcium (Ca²⁺) flux change in ACE2^h cells. E. The apoptosis of ACE2^h cells treated with CQ or HCQ for 24 h. The experiments were repeat three times. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with HEK293T, or concentration was 0, or HCQ 20 μM, ^#p < 0.05 compared with HCQ 10 μM at corresponding time points).