TABLE 2.
Median (25th, 75th percentiles) usual intake, assuming different concentrations of micronutrients added to biscuits, in the presence and absence of a large-scale fortification program in children aged 12–59 mo in Cameroon1
| Fortification concentration in biscuits2 | In the absence of large-scale fortification | In the presence of large-scale fortification3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient | South | North | Yaoundé/Doula | South | North | Yaoundé/Doula | |
| Vitamin A, µg RAE/d | |||||||
| Baseline | 320 (177, 581) | 142 (69, 253) | 186 (89, 383) | 377 (225, 606) | 233 (128, 303) | 375 (208, 590) | |
| 600 µg RAE | 319 (183, 576) | 156 (77, 261) | 239 (120, 465) | 382 (229, 612) | 235 (135, 315) | 417 (234, 634) | |
| Folate, µg DFE/d | |||||||
| Baseline | 128 (89, 177) | 133 (92, 189) | 129 (84, 183) | 267 (165, 410) | 245 (154, 374) | 528 (321, 773) | |
| 300 µg | 131 (91, 183) | 140 (96, 200) | 158 (101, 225) | 269 (165, 416) | 250 (157, 384) | 555 (335, 815) | |
| Vitamin B-12, µg absorbable B-12/d | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.6) | |
| 2 µg | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) | 1.5 (0.7, 2.6) | |
| Zinc, mg absorbable zinc/d | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.8. 1.2) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.8. 1.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | |
| 8 mg | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.8. 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.8. 1.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | |
| Iron, mg absorbable iron/d | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.3 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) | |
| 15 mg | 0.3(0.2, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | |
Median (25th, 75th percentiles) usual intake included estimated micronutrient intake from breast milk for children who were breast-fed at the time of the survey. Absorbable vitamin B-12, absorbable zinc, and absorbable iron were estimated using published algorithms, as described in detail in the text (41, 42, 50). DFE, dietary folate equivalent; RAE, retinol activity equivalent.
Nutrient fortification concentration is per 100 g biscuits. Baseline indicates total nutrient intakes without added micronutrients in biscuits.
Large-scale fortification concentrations: wheat flour fortification with folic acid (5 mg/kg), vitamin B-12 (0.04 mg/kg), zinc (95 mg/kg), iron (60 mg/kg), and edible oil fortification with vitamin A (12 mg/kg).