TABLE 1.
mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor (Torin 2) and metformin exhibit a combinatorial effect on pancreatic cancer tumor size and volume in the orthotopic mouse model1
| Survival (n = x/10) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 5/10) | TLML (n = 8/10) | ML (n = 6/10) | TH (n = 3/10) | TL (n = 5/10) | |
| Tumor volume, mm3 | 1326.50 ± 134.4 | 498.05 ± 104.8 | 853.97 ± 67.8 | 665.62 ± 182.6 | 745.40 ± 167.5 |
| ANOVA | P < 0.001 | ||||
| Post hoc test | — | P < 0.0004 | P < 0.004 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| Tumor weight, g | 1.28 ± 0.19 | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 1.16 ± 0.08 | 0.90 ± 0.10 | 0.98 ± 0.17 |
| ANOVA | P < 0.01 | ||||
| Post hoc test | — | P < 0.002 | NS | P = 0.08 | NS |
The C57/BL6 mice were intrapancreatically implanted with KPC cells and developed palpable pancreatic cancer. The mice were then injected intraperitoneally with Torin 2 (mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor) high concentration, Torin 2 low concentration, metformin low concentration, combination of Torin 2 and metformin low concentrations, or DMSO vehicle (control). The mice were injected with daily doses for 12 d, after which they were killed and tumor weight and volumes were recorded. ML, metformin at low dose; mTORC, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex; NS, not significant; TH, Torin 2 at high dose; TL, Torin 2 at low dose; TLML, Torin 2 and metformin at low doses.